1. 1-1 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Instructor: Dr. Upali Siriwardane e-mail: upali@latech.edu Office: CTH 311 Phone 257-4941 Office Hours: M,W, 8:00-9:30 & 11:30-12:30 a.m Tu,Th,F 8:00 - 10:00 a.m. Or by appointment Test Dates : Chemistry 100(02) Fall 2014 September 29, 2014 (Test 1): Chapter 1 & 2 October 20, 2014 (Test 2): Chapter 3 & 4 November 12, 2014 (Test 3) Chapter 5 & 6 November 13, 2014 (Make-up test) comprehensive: Chapters 1-6 9:30-10:45:15 AM, CTH 328

2. 1-2 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH REQUIRED : Textbook: Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2nd Edition-Nivaldo J. Tro - Pearson Prentice Hall and also purchase the Mastering Chemistry Group Homework, Slides and Exam review guides and sample exam questions are available online: http://moodle.latech.edu/ and follow the course information links. http://moodle.latech.edu/ OPTIONAL : Study Guide: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2nd Edition- Nivaldo J. Tro 2nd Edition Student Solutions Manual: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2nd Edition-Nivaldo J. Tro 2nd Text Book & Resources

3. 1-3 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Chapter 1. 1. Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving 1. 1 Atoms and Molecules………………………………….. 1 1.2 The Scientific Approach to Knowledge…………….. 3 1.3 The Classification of Matter…………………………… 5 1.4 Physical and Chemical Changes and Physical and Chemical Properties…………………………………….. 9 1.5 Energy: A Fundamental Part of Physical and Chemical Change…………………………………………………….. 12 1.6 The Units of Measurement……………………………... 13 1.7 The Reliability of a Measurement……………………… 20 1.8 Solving Chemical Problems……………………………. 27

4. 1-4 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Chapter 1. KEY CONCEPTS What is chemistry? Scientific Method. Properties of the three states of matter Physical changes and properties. Chemical change and properties. Categories of matter. Elements and Compounds Atomic symbols Chemical Elements and properties Chemical Symbolism Separating Mixtures. Scientific Measurement Prefixes of SI units Macro, micro and nano-scales Conversion factors. Factor label method. Uncertainty and significant figures Temperature Conversions. Density Calculations. Three chemical Laws Dalton's atomic theory Interpreting chemical formulas and chemical reaction. Concept of mole Gram to mole conversion

5. 1-5 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH 1. Chemistry deals with non-reversible changes of matter 2. Chemistry explains using atoms, molecules and ions 4. Chemistry is a Central Science 3. Chemical Concepts and Models improve your problem solving skills problem solving skills What is chemistry?

6. 1-6 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH  Very small particle.  Smallest particle of an element  Different atoms have different physical and chemical properties  Atoms combine to from molecules sharing electrons or lose/gain electrons to form ions  Atoms, molecules and ions determine how matter behaves — if they were different, matter would be different. What is an Atom?

7. 1-7 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Atom - The smallest unit of an element that has all of the properties of an element. Ions – Charged particles formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms or molecules Metals – Collections of metal atoms with special properties Molecule -The smallest unit of a pure substance that has properties of that substance. It may contain more than one atom and more than one element. Three models are commonly used to help visualize Models of matter in Chemistry

8. 1-8 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH NaCl: Na + and Cl - Pt metal Structure of Substances?

9. 1-9 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Allotropes Forms of element that has different bonding pattern Diamond Graphite Buckminsterfullerine

10. 1-10 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Molecular Models (Aspirin)

11. 1-11 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Biomolecules (hemoglobin)

12. 1-12 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH 1) Identify the name of atoms, molecules or ions (with charge) formed from the following elements and compounds explain their properties. a) Nitrogen-N 2 b) Potassium-K c) Iodine-I 2 d) Magnesium-Mg

13. 1-13 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH 1) Identify the name of atoms, molecules or ions (with charge) formed from the following elements and compounds explain their properties. e) Sulfur-S 8 f) Sodium Chloride-NaCl g) Carbon monoxide-COh) Diamond-C allotrope 1-13

14. 1-14 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Procedure designed to test an idea Careful noting and recording of natural and experimental phenomena Tentative explanation of a single or small number of observations General explanation of natural phenomena Generally observed occurence in nature Scientific Method

15. 1-15 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Scientific Method

16. 1-16 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH 2) What are the key steps involved in scientific method: The Scientific Approach to Knowledge

17. 1-17 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH 3) What is a hypothesis in science? Give an example. 4) How does hypothesis become a scientific theory? Give an example.

18. 1-18 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Kinetic Molecular Theory: Gases 1. Gaseous particles in continuous, random, rapid motion 2. Collisions between particles are elastic 3. Volume occupied by the particles is negligibly small effect on their behavior 4. Attractive forces between particles have a negligible effect on their behavior 5. Gases have no fixed volume or shape, take the volume and shape of the container Postulates

19. 1-19 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH 5) What is a scientific theory? Give an example. 6) What are postulates of a scientific theory? Give an example.

20. 1-20 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Gas Laws (This is not theory) Boyle's Law (V and P)Boyle's Law (V and P) Charles Law (V and T)Charles Law (V and T) Gay-Lussac's combined Gas LawGay-Lussac's combined Gas Law (V, P and T) (V, P and T) Avogadro's Law (V and n)Avogadro's Law (V and n) Ideal Gas Law (V, P, n, R and T)Ideal Gas Law (V, P, n, R and T) Scientific law is a summary or pattern in observation

21. 1-21 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH 7) What is a scientific law? Give an example.

22. 1-22 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH 8) What are the main branches of chemistry?

23. 1-23 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Areas of Chemistry “The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.” Major divisions Inorganic Compounds of elements other than carbon OrganicCompounds of carbon BiochemistryCompounds of living matter PhysicalTheory and concepts AnalyticalMethods of analysis General Covers all areas as an introduction

24. 1-24 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH 9) Identify the main branches of chemistry under the following: a. A researcher analyzes a water sample for lead content: b. An undergraduate studies the allotropes of phosphorus: c. Robert Boyle studied the effect of pressure on the volume of a gas: d. Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin from fungi and later it was synthesized in the lab: a. A researcher starting from simple organic compounds complex drugs are synthesized:

25. 1-25 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Properties of Substances 1.Physical properties: Physical properties are descriptions of matter such as color, density, viscosity, boiling point, and melting point. 2. Chemical properties: Chemical properties relates to the changes of substances making up the matter. corrosiveness, Flammability

26. 1-26 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH Classification of Matter by Composition 1. made of multiple types of particles 2. samples may show different properties 1. made of one type of particle 2. all samples show the same physical and chemical properties and chemical properties Which are homogeneous or heterogeneous? Blood Urine “T-Bone” steak Gasoline Twinkie Salad Dressing

27. 1-27 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH 1. made of multiple substances, whose presence can be seen 2. portions of a sample have different composition and properties 1. made of multiple substances, but appears to be one substance 2. all portions of an individual sample have the same composition and properties Classification of Mixtures

28. 1-28 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH The Classification of Matter 10) What is a mixture? Describe it generally and given an example.

29. 1-29 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH 11) What is a: (Describe it generally and given an example) Homogenous mixture? b) Heterogeneous mixture?

30. 1-30 CHEM 100, Fall 2014 LA TECH 12) Classify following as heterogeneous/homogenous (het/hom) mixtures? a. Salt water b. A chocolate chip cookie c. a handful of soil d. a vegetable garden e. An ice cream sundae f. Steel g. Bronze h. Closed soft drink bottle i. Just opened soft drink bottle