1. Chemistry 100(02) Fall 2012 Instructor: Dr. Upali Siriwardane e-mail: upali@coes.latech.edu Office: CTH 311 Phone 257-4941 Office Hours: M,W, 8:00-9:00 & 11:00-12:00 a.m Tu,Th,F 9:00 - 10:00 a.m. Test Dates : October 1, 2012 (Test 1): Chapter 1 & 2 October 22, 2012 (Test 2): Chapter 3 & 4 November 14, 2012 (Test 3) Chapter 5 & 6 November 15, 2012 (Make-up test) comprehensive: Chapters 1-6 9:30-10:45:15 AM, CTH 328 CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-1

2. REQUIRED : Textbook: Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2nd Edition-Nivaldo J. Tro - Pearson Prentice Hall and also purchase the Mastering Chemistry Group Homework, Slides and Exam review guides and sample exam questions are available online: http://moodle.latech.edu/ and follow the course information links. OPTIONAL : Study Guide: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2nd Edition- Nivaldo J. Tro 2nd Edition Student Solutions Manual: Chemistry: A Molecular Approach, 2nd Edition-Nivaldo J. Tro 2nd Text Book & Resources CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-2

3. 1. 1 Atoms and Molecules. 1 1.2 The Scientific Approach to Knowledge. 3 1.3 The Classification of Matter 5 1.4 Physical and Chemical Changes and Physical and Chemical Properties. 9 1.5 Energy: A Fundamental Part of Physical and Chemical Change. 12 1.6 The Units of Measurement.. 13 1.7 The Reliability of a Measurement 20 1.8 Solving Chemical Problems 27 Chapter 1. Matter, Measurement, and Problem Solving CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-3

4. Chapter 1. KEY CONCEPTS  What is chemistry?  Scientific Method.  Properties of the three states of matter  Physical changes and properties.  Chemical change and properties.  Categories of matter.  Elements and Compounds  Atomic symbols  Chemical Elements and properties  Chemical Symbolism  Separating Mixtures.  Scientific Measurement  Prefixes of SI units  Macro, micro and nano-scales  Conversion factors.  Factor label method.  Uncertainty and significant figures  Temperature Conversions.  Density Calculations.  Three chemical Laws  Dalton's atomic theory  Interpreting chemical formulas and chemical reaction.  Concept of mole  Gram to mole conversion CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-4

5. What is chemistry? 1. Chemistry deas with non-reversible changes of matter. 2. Chemistry expl ains using atoms, molecules and ons. 4. Chemistry is a Central Science 3. Chemical Concepts and M problem solving skills odel s improve your CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-5

6. What is an Atom? Very small particle.  Smallest particle of an element  Different atoms have different physical and chemical ecul properties  Atoms combine to from mol es and lose/gain electrons to form ions  Atoms, molecules and ions determine how matter behaves — if they were different, matter would be different. CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-6

7. Models of matter elMods are commonly used to help visualize atoms and molecules. Atom- The smallest unit of an element that has all of the properties of an element. Molecul the properties of that substance. It may contain more that one atom and more than one element. ons - Charged particl es formed by the transfer of electrons between atoms or molecu les Metal s – Collections of metal atoms with special properties 1-7 CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH e -The smallest unit of a pure substance that has

8. Structure of Substances? NaCl: Na+ and Cl - Pt metal CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-8

9. Forms of element that has different bonding pattern Graphite Diamond Buckminsterfullerine CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-9 Allotropes

10. Molecular Modles (Asprin) Structural formula Ball-and-stick model Space-filling model of aspirin of aspirin of aspirin CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-10 Letters are chemicalLines representTo a chemist, molecular structure...and the three-dimensionalThe space occupied by each symbols thatconnections refers to the way the atoms in aarrangement of the atoms atom is more accurately represent atoms.between atoms. molecule are connected together...relative to one another. represented in this model. 0 0CCH I I 0 H H

11. 1-11 CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH Biomolecules (hemoglobin)

12. 1) Identify the name of atoms, molecules or ions (with charge) formed from the following elements and compounds explain their properties. a) Nitrogen-N 2 b) Potassium-K c) Iodine-I 2 d) Magnesium-Mg CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-12

13. 1) Identify the name of atoms, molecules or ions (with charge) formed from the following elements and compounds explain their properties. e) Sulfur-S 8 f) Sodium Chloride-NaCl g) Carbon monoxide-COh) Diamond-C allotrope CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-13

14. Scientific Method Procedure designed to test an idea Tentative explanation of a single or small number of observations General explanation of natural phenomena Careful noting and recording of natural and experimental phenomena Generally observed occurence in nature Copyright  2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

16. Scientific Method SubEtance screated by mold Further experiments Penicillin was isolated in pure form and many othters

17. The Scientific Approach to Knowledge 2) What are the key steps involved in scientific method: CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-16

18. 3) What is a hypothesis in science? Give an example. 4) How does hypothesis become a scientific theory? Give an example. CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-17

19. Kinetic Molecular Theory: Gases 1. particles gaseous matter are in continuous, random, rapidmotion 2.collisions between particastices are el 1.vo ume occupied by the particles is negligibly smaeffect on their behavio 1.attractive forces between particleshave a negligible effect on their behavior 1.gasesvohave no fixedume or shape, take he volume and shape of the container CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-18

20. 5) What is a scientific theory? Give an example. 6) What are postulates of a scientific theory? Give an example. CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-19

21. Gas Laws (This is not theory)  Boyle's Law (V and P)  Charles Law (V and T) 1-20  Ideal Gas Law (V, P, n, R and T)  Gay-Lussac's combined Gas Law (V, P and T)  Avogadro's Law (V and n) Scientific law is a summary or pattern in observation CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH

22. 7) What is a scientific law? Give an example. CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-21

23. Areas of Chemistry “The study of matter and the changes it undergoes.” Major divisions norganic Compounds of el ements other than carbon Organic Compounds of carbon Biochemistry Compounds of living matter Physical Quantitative Theories and CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH Analytical Methods of analysis 1-22 concepts

24. 8) What are the main branches of chemistry? CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-23

25. 9) Identify the main branches of chemistry under the following: a.A researcher analyzes a water sample for lead content: b.An undergraduate studies the allotropes of phosphorus: c.Robert Boyle studied the effect of pressure on the volume of a gas: d.Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin from fungi and later it was synthesized in the lab: a.A researcher starting from simple organic compounds complex drugs are synthesized: CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-24

26. Properties of Substances Physical properties: Physical properties are descriptions of matter such as color, density, viscosity, boiling point, and melting point. Chemical properties: Chemical properties relates to the changes of substances making up the matter. For example, corrosiveness, Flammability CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-25

27. Classification of Matter by Composition 1.made of one type of particle 2.all samples show the same physical and chemical properties 1.made of multiple types of particles 2.samples may show different properties CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-26

28. Mixtures A combination of two or more pure substances.  Homogeneous - Uniform composition (solution)  Heterogeneous - Non-uniform composition Which are homogeneous or heterogeneous?  Blood Urine “T-Bone” steak  Gasoline Twinkie Salad Dressing 1-27 CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH

29. 1-28 1.made of multiple substances, but appears to be one substance 1.all portions of an individual sample have the same composition and properties 1.made of multiple substances, whose presence can be seen 1.portions of a sample have different composition and properties Classification of Mixtures CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH

30. The Classification of Matter 10) What is a mixture? Describe it generally and given an example. CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-29

31. 11) What is a: (Describe it generally and given an example) Homogenous mixture? b) Heterogeneous mixture? CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-30

32. 12) Classify following as heterogeneous/homogenous (het/hom) mixtures? a.Salt water b.A chocolate chip cookie c.a handful of soil d.a vegetable garden e.An ice cream sundae f.Steel g.Bronze h.Closed soft drink bottle i.Just opened soft drink bottle CHEM 100, Fall 2012 LA TECH 1-31