1. 8/20/2015How to Build a NOC Pacific NorthWest GigaPop November 29, 2007 How to Build a NOC

2. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Key Elements to Building a NOC Identify Customers –Who are your customers? Understand Customer Expectations –What are your user expectations? –SLA’s? Support Service Offerings –Besides networking, what other services are being offered?

3. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Key Elements to Building a NOC Monitor and Troubleshoot Service Issues –How large and complex is your network –What level troubleshooting and/or monitoring will your NOC do? –How will you communicate outages and planned work to customers?

4. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Determine Appropriate Staffing Levels –What will be the service hours? Not all NOCs need to be 7x24x365 What about holidays? Weekends? On-call? –Do your SLA's require in-person staffing? –Do you have after hours service response requirements? –What level of staff needs to be present, and when? –What will be the means of responding to issues when NOC is not staffed 24x7? Key Elements to Building a NOC

5. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Organizational Structure –What staffing tiers/hierarchy will you have for support? Techs? Leads? NEs? –What will be your escalation practices and policies? –To what group does the NOC report? –What other groups report there, and what is your organizational relationship to other key groups? –Who will write and update procedures, training manuals, etc.? Key Elements to Building a NOC

6. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Location and Design of NOC Facility –How much space do you need? –What is your facility like? –How do you want to arrange your staff? Separate offices? "War room"? NOC Funding –How will your organization be funded? Key Elements to Building a NOC

7. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC NOC Tools –How will you track customer information? (Database needs, CRM?) –How will you monitor and troubleshoot? Tools, specifically. – Are you writing any of your own tools? – Who will maintain your applications? – How will you track trouble tickets? Key Elements to Building a NOC

8. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Reporting –What reports will you issue? –How will you measure the data? Key Elements to Building a NOC

9. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC NOC Evolution What factors may determine operational changes for your organization - new services, expanded hours, increased number of customers, new equipment types, deeper skill level

10. 8/20/2015How to Build a NOC October 3, 2007 Building a NOC Pacific NorthWest GigaPop Case Study

11. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Customers and Expectations Our customers are in the Pacific Northwest and Pacific Rim. We track customer information in a database designed and maintained locally. Time zones have driven our need for 7x24. We cover 15 time zones which also makes scheduling planned maintenance difficult.

12. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Customers and Expectations Escalation policies also drive our need for on-call schedules and on-site personnel. Our customers expect 48 hours notice prior to work, unless it is an emergency. Outages are communicated via an application we have built locally. We also want to know when our customers have planned work.

13. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Customers and Expectations Expectations are included in the contract and located on the PNWGP web page. We prefer to have the NOC as the primary customer contact point for our organization in order to maintain quality of service when a ticket moves between groups.

14. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Supported Services In addition to network monitoring for PNWGP, our NOC monitors: UW campus connectivity, including two hospitals (both layer 2 and layer 3, and wired as well as wireless, many UPSs), Approximately 500 sites throughout WA state for the K-20 network, Pacific Wave, and Transit Rail.

15. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Supported Services We do not do any host, server, or customer application monitoring. We do not do desktop support. We do not reset passwords or arrange services such as email and web. We do not monitor data center security alarms such as for fire or flood.

16. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Monitoring and Troubleshooting  PNWGP: approx. 20 customers, 5 node sites, MPLS, BGP, VPN  Campus: 115,000 connected devices, ~100 remote locations, ~7,000 wireless APs, ~4,000 layer 2 switches, ~150 routers.

17. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Monitoring and Troubleshooting  Over 450 Washington state K-20 sites monitored.  Transit Rail, approx. 5 node sites,BGP and ISIS status.

18. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Monitoring and Troubleshooting  PNWGP troubleshoots with the customer on routing problems, latency, and loss of connectivity.  IS-IS and IGP status is monitored.  We manage DWDM, Sonet, and MPLS circuits.  Complexity is increased with escalation paths being different depending on what isn’t working.

19. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Monitoring and Troubleshooting  Outages and planned events are sent via email announcement in a standard format.  We include the date/time of the work or when the outage began.  If the customer’s connectivity is entirely down, we also call or page them.  Updates are sent at predefined intervals for large events, or when we have a change in status.

20. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Staffing We are 7x24 with full-time staff. Weekends we only have one person covering each day, so vacations and sick time are problems. Holidays are covered by on-site and on- call staff. On-call consists of a 7-day period and rotates among all NOC staff on a regular schedule.

21. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Staffing Tier 1 are student staff, also called Network Analysts. Tier 2 are full-time staff, most are titled Network Specialists. Tier 3 are full-time staff, titled Network Engineers.

22. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Staffing We advertise to all customers an on-site 7x24 staff for immediate response to outages. Our SLAs indicate when a problem should be escalated beyond the oncall staff to a manager, director, and higher at any time of the day or week.

23. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Staffing Day shift M-F requires that we have engineers (Tier 3) staff in the building. Off-hours we have Tier 2 staff always present in the building. They will escalate as necessary, either due to outage severity or complexity, or at a customer’s request.

24. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Staffing To maximize staffing efficiencies, 2 nd and 3 rd shift personnel report to Computer Operations managers, rather than the NOC manager. These staff provide all of the same support and have the same training/access as the daytime Tier 2 staff in the NOC.

25. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Staffing We have on-call lists with a primary and secondary person for backup when NOC staff is not on-site. A separate call list exists for escalation to managers. Engineering and other service groups are also available on-call 7x24x365.

26. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Organizational Structure PNWGP has recently adopted a tiered approach for staffing. NOC Network Engineers are available after 6pm M-F and weekends only via on- call. One manager, reporting to the Director of Operations.

27. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Organizational Structure Our escalation practices and policies are based on length or severity of outage. At predetermined intervals additional management levels are notified of severe outages in order to help with escalation at other organizations (telcos), or to keep peers updated at the affected sites.

28. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Organizational Structure Many people in the NOC work to provide and update training materials; SMEs write procedures. We use a wiki to maintain our documentation. We were able to have a tech writing expert give us training on writing effective procedural documents and re-organize our wiki.

29. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC NOC Location Currently, our NOC has some single- occupant offices and some multiple (2-3). We are all on the same floor. We find that being located near the Network Engineering team is quite helpful for urgent escalations. Next year we will be moving into a new location and we do not yet have details on what that will look like.

30. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC NOC Location Consider lighting and noise control with shared offices. How many monitors will each person need? Will you use a large central monitor for some things? Provide an impromptu meeting space for collaboration on big events.

31. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC NOC Location Conference bridges greatly enhance collaboration across geographic distances whether working on outages or events.

32. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC NOC Funding UW funding comes primarily from the state tax payers of Washington,and UW Medical Centers. Funding also comes from the PNWGP and customers and WA state K-20 network. If you recharge you will need a business and billing model. Or will you use time and materials?

33. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Tools A very useful tool is live chat or IM for coordinating efforts no matter where your office is. Our customer information is tracked in a home-grown database which has grown and morphed over a dozen years. New needs such as SLAs and layer 1 info now require significant investment in upgrades.

34. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Tools Our monitoring system – surprise – is also “homegrown”. We monitor interface state and IP reachability; performance and protocol state connectivity will soon be integrated into our “event system” (NMS) Automated tools can page the appropriate group to notify them of outages or threshold conditions.

35. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Tools We have a separate Tools team (with 10 staff members) who design, write, implement, and maintain tools. This allows us to have full-featured and robust tools. One trade-off is fewer “one-off” tools for specific or isolated issues.

36. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Tools PNWGP uses Request Tracker, RT, an open-source application to track trouble tickets. Weekly reports are generated for our Directors by sector, severity, and type. Monthly reports are generated by sector for billing purposes.

37. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Reporting Key metrics we track include: 1.Ticket numbers by sector for billing 2.Phone call volumes 3.Duration of outages 4.Root Cause Analysis for high-impact events Outage time is measured by duration of the customer impact. After Action Review and Follow-up is conducted for serious events.

38. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC Reporting Monthly report is emailed to the customer for traffic sent to/from their site. Our internal reporting includes “operational impacts” to groups under our main organization. How do you measure your NOC’s success? Response times? Reduced calls?

39. 9/11/2007How to Build a NOC NOC Evolution Factors that have determined operational changes for our organization have been increased size, complexity and number of networks monitored; Need to respond to outages 24 hours/day with on-site personnel rather than paging; Skill and responsibility levels have increased significantly, and continue to do so.