1. JEOPARDY www.pwssc.org

2. 200 300 400 500 100 Arctic Ecosystems 200 300 400 500 100 Oil Spill Response Equipment 200 300 400 500 100 Water Properties & Ocean Technology 200 300 400 500 100 Climate Change and Oil in the Arctic 200 300 400 500 100 ROVs

3. Water Properties & Ocean Technology 100 Points QUESTION: Why is it important to study the ocean? www.pwssc.org ANSWER: The ocean covers the majority of the planet and is an unknown and untapped source of resources and interesting phenomena.

4. Water Properties & Ocean Technology 200 Points QUESTION: What is density? www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Density = Mass/Volume How much “stuff” is in a certain amount of space.

5. Water Properties & Ocean Technology 300 Points QUESTION: What does AUV stand for? www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Autonomous Underwater Vehicle

6. Water Properties & Ocean Technology 400 Points QUESTION: Name three ways we explore the ocean? www.pwssc.org ANSWER: ROVs, AUVs, free diving, SCUBA diving, diving bells, submarines, submersibles, satellites.

7. Water Properties & Ocean Technology 500 Points QUESTION: Why do we need so many different pieces of technology to study the ocean? www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Each piece of technology gives us a different view of the ocean and its various aspects. Some are more appropriate or affordable in different situations.

8. Oil Spill Response Equipment 100 Points QUESTION: What are two types of equipment used to trap and clean up an oil spill? www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Boom Skimmer Absorbent Pad

9. Oil Spill Response Equipment 200 Points QUESTION: Which is more dense, oil or water? www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Water

10. Oil Spill Response Equipment 300 Points QUESTION: Describe how an oil mousse is created. www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Oil is emulsified and mixed with water due to wind and wave action.

11. Oil Spill Response Equipment 400 Points QUESTION: Name two seasonal effects of an oil spill in the spring. www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Deformed or dead herring eggs, deaths of vulnerable salmon fry, disruption of bird migrations, loss of food for birds and fish.

12. Oil Spill Response Equipment 500 Points QUESTION: What are some special problems with an oil spill on a rocky coast? What is a possible strategy for clean-up? www.pwssc.org ANSWER: The oil could sink between the rocks making it harder to clean up. Rocky coastlines are often hard to get to, hindering cleanup efforts. Absorbent pads.

13. Arctic Ecosystems 100 Points QUESTION: Give one definition of the Arctic. www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Area north of the Arctic Circle. Area north of the tree line Area where the average daily summer temperature does not get above 10  C

14. Arctic Ecosystems 200 Points QUESTION: Name the two major lifestyles of native Arctic people. www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Marine and Terrestrial

15. Arctic Ecosystems 300 Points QUESTION: Name one plant and one animal that lives in the Arctic.. www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Plants: Reindeer lichen, wooly lousewort, Arctic poppy, purple saxifrage, Arctic willow, orange lichen, bearberry, pasque flower, cotton grass, mountain sorrel. Animals: Snowy owl, polar bear, tundra swan, Arctic hare, beluga whale,musk ox, caribou, reindeer, lemming, Arctic fox, walrus, tufted puffin, snow goose, Arctic tern.

16. Arctic Ecosystems 400 Points QUESTION: Name two adaptation strategies that animals use to survive in the Arctic. www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Migration, hibernation, physical traits (color change, layers of feathers or hair, wide feet or “snowshoes”, etc.)

17. Arctic Ecosystems 500 Points QUESTION: Name one adaptation Arctic plants have that all0ws them to survive. www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Growing small, close together, close to the ground. Shallow root systems, ability to grow quickly in low temperatures, ability to spread vegetatively (without seeds)

18. Climate Change and Oil in the Arctic 100 Points QUESTION: Name two characteristics of climate change. www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Rising temperatures, changes in weather, warm acidic oceans, melting ice caps, rising sea levels, retreating glaciers

19. Climate Change and Oil in the Arctic 200 Points QUESTION: Name two different kinds of sea ice. www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Fast Ice Pack Ice Old Ice First-year Ice

20. Climate Change and Oil in the Arctic 300 Points QUESTION: Explain the albedo effect. www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Light surfaces such as snow and ice reflect more sunlight, while dark surfaces like open water absorb sunlight. As the ocean absorbs more heat, it warms up, causing more ice to melt, which means there is more surface area where sunlight is being absorbed.

21. Climate Change and Oil in the Arctic 400 Points QUESTION: How does retreating sea ice affect black guillemots? www.pwssc.org ANSWER: As sea ice retreats farther from land, guillemots have to travel greater distances to feed their chicks, so they can’t bring as much food back. At some point, they won’t be able to get enough food to keep their chicks alive and will have to find another food source

22. Climate Change and Oil in the Arctic 500 Points QUESTION: Name two reasons why an oil spill in the Arctic could be particularly devastating. www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Environmentally sensitive region, top predators congregate, food web dependent on plankton blooms, short productive season

23. ROVs 100 Points QUESTION: What does “ROV” stand for? www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Remotely Operated Vehicle

24. ROVs 200 Points QUESTION: How do we operate ROVs? www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Using a controller and tether attached to the machine.

25. ROVs 300 Points QUESTION: How can ROVs help us in the arctic? www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Explore the harsh/dark environment, clean up oil spills, access areas under the ice.

26. ROVs 400 Points QUESTION: Name two things to consider when designing an ROV. www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Even distribution of weight, motor placement, distribution of floatation relative to weight, what tasks the ROV needs to accomplish.

27. ROVs 500 Points QUESTION: What three properties of water are important to understand when designing an ROV? www.pwssc.org ANSWER: Density Buoyancy Pressure