1. Incorporating quotes  There are two ways to incorporate quotes: 1) Using a full quote 2) Using an embedded or integrated quote

2. Using a Full Quote  When you incorporate a full quote, you should introduce the quote and then follow with a full sentence of quoted material: Example: My friend Bob says, “The safety corridor is a huge improvement in terms of saving lives.”

3. Using an Embedded Quote  When you incorporate an embedded or integrated quote, you should introduce the quote and continue that same sentence with a partial sentence of quoted material woven in: Example: Bob also argues that “the old speed limit was particularly dangerous because of traffic crossing 101 at Indianola and other points.”

4. Identifying Sources  Since English 150 is not a course in which research is taught, the way to identify a source in your text is simply identify it by using a phrase, such as “According to”: Example: According to an article in the Times Standard, “Bugs fly.” Remember, if you use the source word-for-word, you have to put quotes around the language.

5. Literary Present Tense  When you refer to a text, you have to write about it in the present tense: Example: J.T. Gatto writes that “I don’t teach English.” (Note: it’s “writes” not “wrote”, even though he did it in the past tense. The reason we do this is because texts never age, authors do.

6. Authors Don’t “Say”  Remember, authors aren’t talking, so they don’t “say”; they “write”, “argue”, “note”, “describe”, “posit”, “speculate”, etc.

7. Identifying Titles  Titles of other people’s essay go in quotes: “The Seven-Lesson Schoolteacher”. (Your own title does not go in quotes.)  Titles of books are italicized, as are names of newspapers, films, CDs.  In general, a good rule of thumb for this is that the smaller thing goes in quotes (such as a song title), but the larger thing it comes from is italicized, such as the CD.