1. HUM 2461 Humanities of Latin America SFC Fall 2013 Week 4

2. Today’s Agenda Day 6 Week 4 Attendance CANVAS & HUM2461.wordpress.com POPOL VUH 1.Notes and Interpretation 1 st Assignment  Week 4: HW#1 & HW#3 due on Tuesday, Sept. 10, 2013 Pop Quiz

3. Attendance

4. CANVAS

5. hum2461 Humanities of Latin America HomeAnnouncements Fall 2013 LessonsPapers and Essay Fall 2013 VideosWHEWork Schedule

6. TIKAL CHICHEN ITZA TEOTIHUACAN AZTEC

7.  Pre-Classic: 3500 BCE – 353  Classic:353 – 900  Post-Classic:900 – 1523 (1697) Reminder: Maya Periods

8. Mayas * Mayan art Terminology religio mythic stylization / realism admiratio horror vacui Syncretism depending on period: Early: none Late: lots

9. TIMELINE Maya Civilization

10. The Maya Sacred Book is the book of the Quiché People

11. Writers of the Popol Vuh What did the Mayas write on?

12. "writing" (tz’ib’) + "he who writes" (ah tz’ib’) _____________________________________ It is a description of the act of writing

13. Notes on Popol Vuh (1) 2500 BCE – 1550 CE: oral text Myth: "gift of Quetzalcóatl to humans" 353 CE: Mayas invent 365-day calendar ca. 1550: Maya Quiché – Diego Reynoso, town councilman – Santa Cruz Quiché, Guatemala ca. 1700: Fr. Francisco Ximénez – Spanish translation – Newberry Library, Chicago

14. Notes on Popol Vuh (1a) Three parts: Part 1  9 chapters Part 2  14 chapters Part 3  5 chapters The oldest literary/religious printed work in Latin America (16 th Century edition). Oral text (between 2500 B.C.E. and 1550 C.E.)

15. Notes on Popol Vuh Three parts: Part 1  9 chapters Part 2  14 chapters Part 3  5 chapters PART I CHAPTERS 1-9

16. Chapter 1  Just water. Creation of FLORA begins. Heart of Heaven are 3 gods: 1. Caculhá Huracán 2. Chipi Caculhá 3. Raxa-Caculhá. Chapter 2  Creation of FAUNA begins. -- Forefathers give ROLES and MISSIONS to animals. 1 st DESTRUCTION: FAUNA. THEN IT COMES 1st creation of man: made of mud. 2 nd DESTRUCTION: mud man. THEN IT COMES 2nd creation of man: made of wood (tzité) Chapter 3  3 rd DESTRUCTION: wooden man. Chapter 4  VUCUB-CAQUIX reigned. Not face of SUN or MOON, JUST HIM. Part 1:

17. Chapter 5  Hunahpú and Xbalanqué (the twin brothers) appeared. What learned VUCUB-CAQUIX is superficial, ambitious and egocentric. “not become vain” Chapter 6  Description of the DESTRUCTION of Vucub- Caquix and his two sons: Zipacná and Cabracán. VUCUB- CAQUIX was injured by a discharge from Hun-Hunahpú's blowgun which struck him squarely in the jaw. Chapter 7  Story about Zipacná and the four hundred boys. Chapter 8  Death of Zipacná. Chapter 9  Death of Cabracán “ Lure him to where the sun rises ” B irth of Hunahpú and Xbalanqué (the twin brothers). Part 1:

18. Notes on Popol Vuh (1b) Religious (creation and gods). 4 Codex (books) found 1.The Paris Codex (1930s) 2.The Grolier Codex (1970s) 3.The Dresden Codex (1810, Alexander von Humbolt) 4.The Madrid Codex (Under possession of Juan de Tro y Ortolano in Madrid in 1866)

19. The Peresianus Codex (France)

20. The Grolier Codex (Mexico,1970s)

21. The Codex Dresdensis (Germany)

22. The Tro-Cortesianus Codex (Spain)

23. Notes on Popol Vuh (2) Retranslation into Maya Quiché Opening 2 lines: – Are, u xe 'oher tzih. – Varal K'iche, u bi. This is the root of the former word. Here is Quiché by name.

24. Notes on Popol Vuh (3) Genre: near-heroic myth and history – no single hero – myth and history of a people (Quiché Maya) – origins to 1550 Coherent literary work –order, scope, unity, episodes Popol Vuh: totality of the Maya Epoch Next Epoch: "Holy Cross"

25. Notes on Popol Vuh (4) 4 Mythic Cycles: 1 st Cycle: wood "men" puppets (to line 820) 2 nd Cycle: destruction of 7 Parrot & sons (l. 1674) 3 rd Cycle: Hero twins become Sun & Moon (l. 4708) 4 th Cycle: ½ of whole text (men learn to pray) – first Fathers to present – Heart of Heaven & Earth

26. Quiché people in 4 th creation First Fathers, from corn by creator Quiché: most powerful Maya in Guatemala in 1550 Modern Quiché call their language Cakchiquel Quiché society: patriarchal, patrilineal, patrilocal "God" in Quiché: Dios qahavixel Public religious drama / private divination Notes on Popol Vuh (5)

27. Quiché (Yucatán, Aztec) calendar: sacred mystery Quiché "count of days" – 260 days (13 deified numbers x 20 days) – Solar calendar: 18 months x 20 days) + 5 – year cycles only begin on 4 days (of 20 days) – 13-year cycle x 4 beginning days = 52 years Notes on Popol Vuh (6)

28. Toltec / Aztec influence 900 – 1500 – military & religious terms Place: Utatlán, Guatemala (sacred geography) – Rivers, mountains, highlands, volcanoes, valleys – Quiché came from Tula (myth) Popol Vuh: chronicle of one lineage: Kaveks of Quiché Pedro de Alvarado conquered Quichés 1524- 1525 Notes on Popol Vuh (7)

29. Quetzalcóatl (968 – 1025) 968Quetzalcóatl to Tula arrived from east light skin red beard priest-king became demi-god monotheism civilization peace defeated by war priest-god

30. Quetzalcóatl 968Quetzalcóatl to Tula defeated by war priest-god 1000Quetzalcóatl from Tula to Chichén Itzá Kukulkán (in Maya language) did same for Mayan capital defeated by war priest-god 1025Quetzalcóatl from Chichén Itzá on boat sailed east promised to return similar in Popol Vuh Tezcatlipoca

31. 1 st Assigment  Week 4: HW#1 (1-12) & HW#3 (1-13) due today. Points off if HW is not typed

32. http://www.famsi.org/mayawriting/codices/

33. Pre-Aztec/Aztec Chronology

34. By Culture Olmeca Teotihuacanos Tolteca Azteca Pre-Aztec/Aztec Chronology

35. Tabasco Teotihuacán Tula Tenochtitlán Pre-Aztec/Aztec Chronology By Town

36. Pre-Aztec/Aztec Dates 1400 – 300 BCE 100 BCE - 750 900 - 1200 1300 - 1521

37. Pre-Aztecs (English) 3 Peoples Olmecs (1400 BCE – 300 BCE) teotihuacanos (100 BCE – 750) Toltecs (900 – 1100) Cuicuilco

38. Pre-Azteca (español) 3 Pueblos olmeca (1400 BCE – 300 BCE) teotihuacanos (100 BCE – 750) tolteca (900 – 1100) Cuicuilco

39. OLMECAS Tabasco (1400 BCE – 300 BCE)

40. Olmec civilization is the mother culture of Mesoamerica

41. Typical Olmeca Artifacts  A. Megalithic statues.  Helmeted heads.  Show a "masculine ideal.”  They have "oriental"-shaped eyes and a "jaguar" mouth, which is turned down at the corners.  B. Stone altars with bas-reliefs; tombs; boxes; jade carvings.

42. Cuicuilco (600 BCE – 450 BCE) TEOTIHUACANOS Cuicuilco Xitle Volcano

43. Cuicuilco (600 BCE – 100 BCE): 20,000 Cuicuilco = “Place of Song / Many Colors” Cuicuilco Ehécatl (god of wind) Huehuetéotl (old god / god of old age) Xitle (100 BCE) Teotihuacán

44. Toltecs 900-1200 CE Tula (North of Teotihuacan) 968: Topiltzin Quetzalcóatl Atlantes (knight warriors)