1. EN227: RVP Felicia Hemans

2. terms: REGULARITY AND interruption Note: our interest in these terms is as things that indicate particular emphasis, which we may in turn read. Elision: “ A people starved and stabbed in th' untilled field”— generally marked when deliberate (but note also “laboratory”) Elision: “ A people starved and stabbed in th' untilled field”— generally marked when deliberate (but note also “laboratory”) End-stopped: opposite of enjambed—when a line is clearly bounded, and doesn’t run over—often marked by punctuation End-stopped: opposite of enjambed—when a line is clearly bounded, and doesn’t run over—often marked by punctuation Stress: an emphasized syllable—may, also, be marked (punishéd, would be pronounced PUN-i-SHED) Stress: an emphasized syllable—may, also, be marked (punishéd, would be pronounced PUN-i-SHED)

3. Recall… See Booth, Rhetoric of Fiction (1961)See Booth, Rhetoric of Fiction (1961) Not useful for all poems, and you do not have to use this vocabulary; nevertheless, something to notice when present, but not to always look forNot useful for all poems, and you do not have to use this vocabulary; nevertheless, something to notice when present, but not to always look for Implied addresseeImplied addressee Is the speaker talking to someone?Is the speaker talking to someone? Is that person present? Absent?Is that person present? Absent? How is that person reacting? Are they talking back, doing something to the surface of the poem; or are they silent?How is that person reacting? Are they talking back, doing something to the surface of the poem; or are they silent? Ideal recipientIdeal recipient The poem may be addressed to one person but intended for anotherThe poem may be addressed to one person but intended for another An ideal recipient “gets” the poem’s references, and may even share its aesthetic/ethical philosophyAn ideal recipient “gets” the poem’s references, and may even share its aesthetic/ethical philosophy

4. Dramatic monologue Comparison: “Now, what news on the Rialto?” ( MoV, I.i.1)Comparison: “Now, what news on the Rialto?” ( MoV, I.i.1) Particularly characteristic of C19Particularly characteristic of C19 “Drama” in implication of speech taking place within larger world, which poem contains“Drama” in implication of speech taking place within larger world, which poem contains What to read for:What to read for: Details of surrounding worldDetails of surrounding world Implied audience of poemImplied audience of poem Potential ironies (difference of knowledge between speaker and audience, reader and speaker, reader and audience)Potential ironies (difference of knowledge between speaker and audience, reader and speaker, reader and audience) ““The dramatic m. gains additional force from the fact that a silent auditor often constrains or controls the speaker's words, contributing to complex levels of irony within the poem.” (“Dramatic Monologue,” Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics )

5. “Performative” Word can be used in multiple ways; this definition via Austin, How to Do Things with Words (1962) Word can be used in multiple ways; this definition via Austin, How to Do Things with Words (1962) Language that is not only descriptive, but also attempts to change a situationLanguage that is not only descriptive, but also attempts to change a situation Examples: marriage ceremony (“now pronounce you man and wife,”) shouting “fire” in a theaterExamples: marriage ceremony (“now pronounce you man and wife,”) shouting “fire” in a theater Performatives are either felicitous (they work) or infelicitous (they don’t change situation in desired way—they fail)Performatives are either felicitous (they work) or infelicitous (they don’t change situation in desired way—they fail)

6. “Casabianca” Much-recited poem of later nineteenth centuryMuch-recited poem of later nineteenth century Ways in to other Hemans poetryWays in to other Hemans poetry Importance of speech and overhearingImportance of speech and overhearing A heroism unable to manifest itself in the worldA heroism unable to manifest itself in the world Retreat into the idealRetreat into the ideal

7. “Corinne at the Capitol” Female accomplishments and anti-feminismFemale accomplishments and anti-feminism

8. “A Spirit’s Return” and “Arabella Stuart” Assignment: Assignment: What are the poem’s formal characteristics?What are the poem’s formal characteristics? Indicate how the dramatic monologue works: who is the speaker, who is the addressee? Where, and when, does the monologue occur?Indicate how the dramatic monologue works: who is the speaker, who is the addressee? Where, and when, does the monologue occur? Indicate two moments where the poem implies a response from the addresseeIndicate two moments where the poem implies a response from the addressee Take us through the development of the poem—show how its ideas change, develop, or show some sort of forward motionTake us through the development of the poem—show how its ideas change, develop, or show some sort of forward motion Describe an implied performative effect: a description of what speech makes, or made, someone doDescribe an implied performative effect: a description of what speech makes, or made, someone do