1. Chapter 2 Energy and Matter

2. Energy Capacity to do work or produce heat 3 types of energy – Kinetic—Energy in motion – Potential—Stored energy – Radiant—Energy from all angles

3. Units of Energy calorie- heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius. Formula 1 cal= 1 g x 1 o c Calorie= 1000 calories or 1 kilocalorie – A human needs 2000 Calories a day to maintain life processes. – Michael Phelps took in 10000-14000 Calories a day when he was swimming in the Olympics.

4. The Joule SI unit of energy Named after James Joule 1 cal= 4.184 j How many joules of energy are equal to 3000 Calories? How many Calories are equal to 14000 j? To lift an apple 1 meter high takes about 1 j

5. Law of Conservation of Energy Developed by James Joule Energy can not be created or destroyed. It is transferred or transformed.

6. Temperature 1 st thermometer was invented by Galileo Galilei Gabriel Fahrenheit made 1 st good thermometer Anders Celsius made a scale that was accepted by scientists – Freezing point of water is 0 degrees – Boiling point of water is 100 degrees

7. Temperature Conversions o F = o C x 1.8 + 32 o C = o F -32/1.8 K= o C + 273 o C = K - 273

8. Kelvin Scale SI unit for temperature Same size as celsius – Difference is the zero point – Zero on the kelvin scale is known as absolute zero – The point at which all matter stops – Has never been reached but we are close

9. Matter Anything that has mass and volume Six states of matter – solid – Liquid – Gas – Plasma – Bose-Einstein – Fermiion

10. Properties of Matter Physical Properties – Characteristics that can be observed without altering the identity. – Density, color, melting point, boiling point Chemical properties – Can not be observed without altering the identity – Flammability, oxidation

11. Changing States Solid to liquid— Liquid to gas— Gas to liquid— Solid to gas— Gas to solid—

12. Changes in Matter Physical change – Alter the form but not the identity – Usually a state change – Melt, rip, crush Chemical change – Chemical reaction – When something changes color or is burned.

13. Law of Conservation of Matter Developed by Antoine Lavoisier Matter can not be created or destroyed in any process

14. Elements and Compounds Elements – Substance that can not be broken down into a simpler substance. – Can only go as small as the atom Compounds – Two or more elements chemically combined – Can only be broken into the elements that are present in them

15. Mixtures Blend of two or more substances that can be separated Heterogeneous mixture – Mixture with visibly different parts – Sand and water, Italian dressing Homogeneous mixture – Mixture where there is not a visible difference – Seawater, air

16. Separating Mixtures Heterogeneous – Filtration Homogeneous – Distillation, crystallization, chromatography