1. Chapter 1 Matter and Measurement
HW:

2. 1.1 – The Study of Chemistry
Chemistry = Study of matter and the changes it undergoes Matter = Anything that has mass and occupies space Property = A characteristic that allows recognition and distinguishing Atoms = Building blocks of matter

3. 1.1 – The Study of Chemistry
-Properties of matter relate to both the composition and structure of atoms. Molecules = Combination of atoms.

4. 1.2 – Classification of Matter
States of Matter = s, l, g -Gas = Vapor. Indefinite volume and shape. Easily compressible. Particles have rotation, vibrational and translational motion. -Liquid = Definite volume. Indefinite shape. Particles have rotational and vibrational motion. -Solid = Definite volume and shape. Particles have rotational motion.

5. 1.2 – Classification of Matter
Pure Substance = Matter that has distinct properties that does not vary from sample to sample. Element = Cannot be broken down (w/out losing it) - 83 naturally occurring -Made of only one kind of atom

6. 1.2 – Classification of Matter
Compound = Composed of atoms of 2 or more elements. Contain two or more kinds of atoms. -Can be broken down chemically, but loses its properties Law of Constant Composition / Definite Proportions = A pure compound is always composed of the same elements in the same proportions

7. 1.2 – Classification of Matter
Mixture = Combination of two or more substances
-Each keeps its own properties
-Can be separated by physical means
Solution = A homogeneous mixture
Review:
Homogeneous Mixture = Composition is the same throughout
Heterogeneous Mixture = Composition is NOT uniform

8. Classification of Matter

9. 1.3 – Properties of Matter
Physical Property = A property that can be observed without changing identity of a substance -Ex – Dimensions, mass, temperature, bp, mp Chemical Property = A property that can only be measured by carrying out a chemical change -Ex – Flammability, corrosiveness

10. Intensive Property = Independent of amount of matter
Intensive Property = Independent of amount of matter. -Ex – density (m/v), temperature, bp, mp, color Extensive Property = Dependent on amount of matter -Ex – mass, volume

11. 1.3 – Properties of Matter
Physical Change / Change of State = A change that does not alter identity. Changes physical appearance but not composition Chemical Change / Chemical Reaction – Substance is transformed into a chemically different substance

12. 1.3 – Properties of Matter
Separation of Mixtures (Possible methods for separation)
Filtration – Separates heterogeneous mixtures
Distillation – Separates homogeneous mixtures with components of different boiling points
Chromatography – Works for homogeneous mixtures with different solubilities. Typically used on separating colored components.

13. 1.3 – Properties of Matter
Filtration
Distillation
Chromatography

14. 1.4 - Measurement
SI = International System of Units (revised metric system)

15. 1.4 - Measurement
Prefixes of the SI:

16. 1.4 - Measurement
SI Units:

17. 1.4 - Measurement
Mass = Measure of quantity of matter – -Independent of gravity Weight = Force of gravity on an object

18. 1.4 - Measurement
Temperature -Celsius is the everyday scale in most countries -Kelvin – Based on Absolute Zero = OK K = C F = 9/5C + 32 AND C = 5/9(F-32)

19. 1.4 - Measurement
Derived Units: Volume – m3 1 mL = 1 cm3 Density = mass / volume = g/m3

20. 1.5 – Uncertainty in Measurement Accuracy vs. Precision
Precision = How close values are to eachother Accuracy = How close to the true value

21. 1.5 – Uncertainty in Measurement Significant Figures
Sig Figs (Sig Digs) = The meaningful digits in a measurement or calculation Rules:
All nonzero digits are significant.
Zeroes between two significant figures are themselves significant.
Zeroes at the beginning of a number are never significant.
Zeroes at the end of a number are significant if a decimal point is written in the number.

22. 1.5 – Uncertainty in Measurement Sig Figs in Calculations
For addition and subtraction – Answer must have the same number of DECIMAL PLACES as the measurement with the fewest decimal places.
For multiplication and division – Answer must have the same number of SIG FIGS as the measurement with the fewest sig figs
-AP Exam gives you +/- 1 sig fig before a deduction occurs

23. 1.6 - Factor Label Method / Dimensional Analysis
Multiplying by a conversion factor in order to solve a problem. Be sure to keep track of units and cancel as needed.