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Main headings ( Red/Blue/green subtitles)
Turn the main headings into questions
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3. 3.1 Using and expressing measurements
Example p.62
3.1 Using and expressing measurements
How can you use scientific notation?
Measurements have both numbers and units; measurements can be written in scientific notation (3x103m or 3x10-3m)
Numbers must be between 1 and 10; x10 to a power
The exponent is always a whole number
Positive = times 10 & negative = divided by 10
How can you multiply and divide number written in scientific notation?

4. Chapter 3 Scientific Measurement 3.2 Units of Measurement
3.1 Using and Expressing
Measurements
3.2 Units of Measurement
3.3 Solving Conversion Problems
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5. Using SI Units What makes metric units easy to use? Using SI Units
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6. Using SI Units
The standards of measurement used in science are those of the metric system.
All metric units are based on multiples of 10. As a result, you can convert between units easily.
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7. The metric system was originally established in France in 1795.
Using SI Units
The metric system was originally established in France in 1795.
The International System of Units (abbreviated SI after the French name, Le Système International d’Unités) is a revised version of the metric system.
The SI was adopted by international agreement in 1960.
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8. There are seven SI base units.
Using SI Units
SI Base Units
Quantity
SI base unit
Symbol
Length
meter m
Mass
kilogram kg
Temperature
kelvin K
Time
second s
Amount of substance
mole
mol
Luminous intensity
candela cd
Electric current
ampere A
There are seven SI base units.
From these base units, all other SI units of measurement can be derived.
Derived units are used for measurements such as volume, density, and pressure.
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9. prefixes you need to know.

10. How to use the previous chart to set up conversions for meters
1mm= 0.001m 1m=1,000 mm
1cm= 0.01m 1m=100cm
1dm= 0.1m 1m=10dm
1m= 1m 1m=1m
1dam= 10m 1m=0.1dam
1hm= 100m 1m=0.01hm
1km= 1,000m 1m=0.001km

11. Commonly Used Metric Prefixes
Using SI Units
Units of Length
The table below lists the prefixes in common use.
Commonly Used Metric Prefixes
Prefix
Symbol
Meaning
Factor
mega M
1 million times larger than the unit it precedes
106
kilo k
1000 times larger than the unit it precedes
103
deci d
10 times smaller than the unit it precedes
10-1
centi c
100 times smaller than the unit it precedes
10-2
milli m
1000 times smaller than the unit it precedes
10-3
micro μ
1 million times smaller than the unit it precedes
10-6
nano n
1 billion times smaller than the unit it precedes
10-9
pico p
1 trillion times smaller than the unit it precedes
10-12
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12. A hyphen (-) measures about 1 mm.
Using SI Units
Units of Length
For example, the prefix milli- means 1/1000 (one-thousandth), so a millimeter (mm) is 1/1000 of a meter, or m.
A hyphen (-) measures about 1 mm.
For large distances, it is most appropriate to express measurements in kilometers (km).
The prefix kilo- means 1000, so 1 km equals 1000 m.
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13. The space occupied by any sample of matter is called its volume.
Using SI Units
Units of Volume
The space occupied by any sample of matter is called its volume.
You calculate the volume of any cubic or rectangular solid by multiplying its length by its width by its height.
The unit for volume is thus derived from the units of length.
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14. Using SI Units
Units of Volume
These figures give you some idea of the relative sizes of a liter and a milliliter.
1 L
1 mL
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15. Units of Mass Using SI Units
The mass of an object is measured in comparison to a standard mass of 1 kilogram (kg), which is the basic SI unit of mass.
A kilogram was originally defined as the mass of 1 L of liquid water at 4°C.
A cube of water at 4°C measuring 10 cm on each edge would have a volume of 1 L and a mass of 1000 grams (g), or 1 kg.
A gram (g) is 1/1000 of a kilogram; the mass of 1 cm3 of water at 4°C is 1 g.
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16. Weight is a force that measures the pull on a given mass by gravity.
Using SI Units
Units of Mass
Weight is a force that measures the pull on a given mass by gravity.
Weight, a measure of force, is different from mass, which is a measure of the quantity of matter.
The weight of an object can change with its location.
An astronaut in orbit is weightless, but not massless.
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17. Temperature Scales What temperature units do scientists commonly use?
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18. Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is.
Temperature Scales
Temperature is a measure of how hot or cold an object is.
An object’s temperature determines the direction of heat transfer.
When two objects at different temperatures are in contact, heat moves from the object at the higher temperature to the object at the lower temperature.
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19. Temperature Scales
Scientists commonly use two equivalent units of temperature, the degree Celsius and the kelvin.
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20. The figure below compares the Celsius and Kelvin scales.
Temperature Scales
The figure below compares the Celsius and Kelvin scales.
The zero point on the Kelvin scale, 0 K, or absolute zero, is equal to –273.15°C.
Celsius
Kelvin
100
divisions
100°C
Boiling point
of water K
0°C
Freezing point K
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21. Density What determines the density of a substance? Density
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22. This relationship is called density.
The relationship between an object’s mass and its volume tells you whether it will float or sink.
This relationship is called density.
Density is the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume.
mass
volume
Density =
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23. The SI unit of density is kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3).
When mass is measured in grams, and volume in cubic centimeters, density has units of grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm3).
The SI unit of density is kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3).
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24. Density
This figure compares the density of four substances: lithium, water, aluminum, and lead.
Increasing density (mass per unit volume)
10 g
0.53 g/cm3
19 cm3
10 cm3
3.7 cm3
0.88 cm3
1.0 g/cm3
2.7 g/cm3
11 g/cm3
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25. Density
Density is an intensive property that depends only on the composition of a substance, not the size of the sample.
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26. Sample Problem 3.8
Calculating Density
A copper penny has a mass of 3.1 g and a volume of 0.35 cm3. What is the density of copper?
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27. Analyze List the knowns and the unknown.
Sample Problem 3.8
Analyze List the knowns and the unknown.
Use the known values and the equation for density to solve the problem.
KNOWNS mass = 3.1 g volume = 0.35 cm3
UKNOWN density = ? g/cm3 1
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28. Calculate Solve for the unknown. Start with the equation for density.
Sample Problem 3.8
Calculate Solve for the unknown.
Start with the equation for density. 2
Density =
mass
volume
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29. Calculate Solve for the unknown.
Sample Problem 3.8
Calculate Solve for the unknown.
Substitute the known values for mass and volume and then calculate. 2
Density =
3.1 g
0.35 cm3
= g/cm3 = 8.9 g/cm3
The calculated answer must be rounded to two significant figures.
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30. Key Concepts
All metric units are based on multiples of 10. As a result, you can convert between units easily.
Scientists commonly use two equivalent units of temperature, the degree Celsius and the kelvin.
Density is an intensive property that depends only on the composition of a substance.
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31. K = °C + 273 °C = K – 273 Key Equations mass Density = volume
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32. meter (m): the base unit of length in SI
Glossary Terms
International System of Units (SI): the revised version of the metric system, adopted by international agreement in 1960
meter (m): the base unit of length in SI
liter (L): the volume of a cube measuring 10 centimeters on each edge (1000 cm3); it is the common unprefixed unit of volume in the metric system
kilogram (kg): the mass of 1 L of water at 4°C; it is the base unit of mass in SI
gram (g): a metric mass unit equal to the mass of 1 cm3 of water at 4°C
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33. weight: a force that measures the pull of gravity on a given mass
Glossary Terms
weight: a force that measures the pull of gravity on a given mass
energy: the capacity for doing work or producing heat
Joule (J): the SI unit of energy; J equals one calorie
calorie (cal): the quantity of heat needed to raise the temperature of 1 g of pure water 1°C
temperature: a measure of the average kinetic energy of particles in matter; temperature determines the direction of heat transfer
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34. density: the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume
Glossary Terms
Celsius scale: the temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 0°C and the boiling point is 100°C
Kelvin scale: the temperature scale in which the freezing point of water is 273 K and the boiling point is 373 K; 0 K is absolute zero
absolute zero: the zero point on the Kelvin temperature scale, equivalent to –273.15°C
density: the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume
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35. END OF 3.2
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