2. Direct object pronouns The object that directly receives the action of the verb is called the direct object. The direct object answers the question "what?" or "whom?" with regard to what the subject of the sentence is doing. When the pronoun replaces the name of the direct object, use the following pronouns: DOPsSingularPlural 1 st personMe= ________Us = ________ 2 nd PersonYou = ________ 3 rd person Him = ________ Her = ________ You/It = ________ Them (m) _______ Them (fem) _____ Y’all ___________ In sentences with two verbs, there are two options regarding the placement of the direct object pronoun. 1. Place it immediately before the conjugated verb. 2. Attach it directly to the infinitive.

3. Indirect object pronouns The indirect object (IO) tells us where the direct object (DO) is going. The indirect object answers the question "To whom?" or "For whom?" the action of the verb is performed. Sentences that have an indirect object usually also have a direct object. (Remember, the IO tells us where the DO is going!) Sometimes the direct object is not stated; rather it is implied, or understood.

4. Indirect object pronouns When a pronoun takes the place of the name of the indirect object, use the following pronouns: IOPsSingularPlural 1 st person(to/for) Me= ________(to/for) Us = ________ 2 nd Person(to/for) You = ________ 3 rd person (to/for) Him = ________ (to/for) Her = ________ (to/for) You/It = ________ (to/for) Them (m) _______ (to/for) Them (fem) _____ (to/for) Y’all ___________ The IO pronouns le and les present a special problem because they are ambiguous. Since le and les can mean more than one thing, a prepositional phrase is often added to remove the ambiguity or for emphasis

5. Preterite of regular –ar verbs The preterite is used for past actions that are seen as completed. The preterite of regular -ar verbs is formed by dropping the infinitive ending - ar and adding the appropriate endings to the stem. Pret. –ar endings SingularPlural 1 st person 2 nd Person 3 rd person Note that verbs that end in ______, ______, and ______ have a spelling change in the ______ form. _______ = _______ car gar zar

6. Ser and Ir in the preterite The verbs ir and ser are irregular in the preterite tense, but are IDENTICAL! The context in which each verb is used in the sentence will clarify the meaning. The verb ser is not used very often in the preterite. Pret. Of ser and ir SingularPlural 1 st person 2 nd Person 3 rd person

7. Preterite of regular –er and –ir verbs Both regular –er and –ir verbs have the same set of endings Pret. er/ir endings SingularPlural 1 st person 2 nd Person 3 rd person

8. Dar and Ver in the preterite The preterite endings of the verbs dar and ver are the same as those of regular -er and -ir verbs, except for the accent marks. Pret. dar SingularPlural 1 st person 2 nd Person 3 rd person Pret. ver SingularPlural 1 st person 2 nd Person 3 rd person

9. Present tense “go” verbs The verbs hacer, poner, traer, and salir have an irregular ________ form. The yo form has a g. All other forms are the same as those of a regular -er or -ir verb. Hacer to do/ make Poner to put/ place/ set Traer to bring Salir to leave/ exit/ go out Yo Tú Él,ella, ud. Nosotros Ellos, ellas, Uds. g Beware of the sneaky “g” haces hace hacemos hacen pones pone ponemos ponen traes trae traemos traen sales sale salimos salen

10. Present tense “go” verbs The verb venir (to come) also has an irregular yo form. It conjugates like the verb tener. It is an e-ie stemchanger. Present venir SingularPlural 1 st person 2 nd Person 3 rd person vengo vienes viene venimos vienen

11. Present progressive tense The present progressive is used in Spanish to express an action that is presently going on—an action in progress. The present progressive is formed by using the present tense of the verb _____ and the _____________— speaking, looking, doing. To form the present participle of most verbs in Spanish you drop the ending of the infinitive and add _____to the stem of -ar verbs and ______to the stem of -er and -ir verbs. Note that the verbs ____ and _____ have a y in the present participle. leyendo trayendo

12. Saber y conocer in the present tense The verbs saber and conocer both mean ___________. Note that like many Spanish verbs they have an irregular yo form in the present tense. All other forms are regular. Present saber SingularPlural 1 st person 2 nd Person 3 rd person Present conocer SingularPlural 1 st person 2 nd Person 3 rd person sabes sabe sabemos saben conoces conoce conocemos conocen

13. Saber y conocer in the present tense The verb ________ means to know a fact or to have information about something. It also means to know how to do something. The verb __________ means to know in the sense of to be acquainted with. It is used to talk about people and complex or abstract concepts rather than simple facts.

14. Reflexive verbs A verb is reflexive when the subject and the object are the same When a verb is reflexive, the infinitive ends in "se." The reflexive pronouns are  me, te, se, nos, se Steps to conjugating Cut Fling Flop Chopsuey (switch-a-roonie) Schmoosh Cut off the “se” Fling “se” in front of the verb Flop “se” over into me, te, se, nos, or se to match the subject Chop off –ar, -er, -ir Swich the stem if necessary Add the appropriate ending lav seme ar o