1. What’s magnified?

4. Microscopy

5. Microscopes “micro” means small! “scope” means watch/look! Microscopes were first developed as entertainment for the rich.

6. Light Microscopes Focuses visible light rays Can be used on live or dead specimens Dyes & fluorescent markers help for viewing Magnify up to 1000X on the ones we have! Compound Light Microscopes

7. Light Micrographs Plant Human Chromosomes 

8. Confocal Microscope

9. Confocal Micrograph Spirogyra crassa (green algae)

10. Electron Microscopy (EM) Focus beam of electrons on the specimen Specimens must be dead Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) – Cross section of the material – Most detailed of the inner cell Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) – Surface of the specimen – Shows texture, but less detail

11. TEM

12. SEM

13. In a nutshell… Light Microscopes will not show you the nucleus of a cell or something the size of a virus! Confocal microscopy uses brightly colored markers. TEM is detailed, flat, black & white. SEM is 3D, textured, black & white.

14. The Compound Light Microscope The word compound means to increase! A compound microscope has 2 lenses to increase magnification!

15. Parts of the Microscope 1.Ocular Lens: eyepiece (10x magnification), first lens 2.Arm: connects base & body tube – Must hold arm while carrying microscope! 3.Course Adjustment Knob: roughly focuses object – Used to find specimen

16. Parts of the Microscope 4. Fine Adjustment Knob: small knob, finely focuses specimen – Use after object has been found! 5. Power Cord: must be wrapped around arm after use 6. Nosepiece: holds 3 objective lenses

17. Parts of the Microscope 7. Objective Lens: second lens – Scanning Lens (4x) – Low Power (10x) – High Power (40x) – Oil Immersion (100x)

18. Parts of the Microscope 8. Stage Clips: holds slide in place 9. Stage: flat plate where slides are held 10. Diaphragm: regulates the amount of light exposed to the specimen

19. Parts of the Microscope 11. Condenser Lens: focuses light on specimen 12. Power Switch: turns light on & off 13. Base: support of the microscope

20. Field of View Total area visible through the ocular lens The higher the magnification, the smaller the field of view.

21. Total Magnification Total Magnification = ocular lens x objective lens If the 40x objective is in place… TM = 400x, because (10 x 40 = 400)

22. Focusing the Microscope Locate the slide specimen at scanning power. Then move the area to be viewed to the center of the field of view. Make sure the slide is in perfect focus at scanning power before moving up to low power. Turn your objective without moving the slide or stage. You will slightly adjust the image at the next objective. At high power use only the fine focus knob and do not turn it more than 1/2 turn.

23. Important! Microscope Rules Always carry with 1 hand on arm & 1 hand on base! Use a slide & coverslip. Clean Up: – Always return to scanning (lowest) power! – Always lower stage all the way! – Unplug, wrap cord, & cover

24. Intro. Microscope Lab NO HORSEPLAY!! Follow the directions carefully… don’t skip over things just because you don’t feel like reading!