1. Apgar Scale -A method of evaluating a newborn’s physical condition. A. Pulse/Heart Rate B. Breathing C. Muscle tone/Activity D. Reflex/Response to stimulation (rooting, grasp, startle) E. Skin color/Appearance Can score 0-2 in each area Normal 6-10 (any lower and may need medical assistance

2. What is it? A test of the baby’s reflexes over several areas given one and five minutes after birth.

3. Color/Appearance : a. Pale or blue = 0 b. Normal color body, but blue extremities = 1 c. Normal color = 2 2 points for completely pink body 1 point if body is pink, but arms and legs are blue 0 points if the baby is blue or pale all over

4. Respiration : a. Not breathing = 0 b. Weak cry, irregular breathing = 1 c. Strong cry = 2 2 points for a strong cry 1 point for a slow or weak cry 0 points for no cry at all

5. Heart Rate/Pulse : a. Absent heartbeat = 0 b. Slow heartbeat (less than 100 beats/minute) = 1 c. Adequate heartbeat (more than 100 beats/minute) = 2 2 = good strong heartbeat 1 = slow but steady heartbeat 0 = little or no heartbeat

6. Muscle Tone/Actvity: a. Limp, flaccid = 0 b. Some flexing or bending = 1 c. Active motion = 2 2 points for vigorous motion 1 point for small flexing 0 points for no movement

7. Response to Stimulation (also called Reflex Irritability or Grimace): a. No response = 0 b. Grimace (facial expression) = 1 c. Vigorous cry or withdrawal = 2 2 points if the baby cries 1 point if the baby grimaces (facial expression) 0 points for no movement or sound

8. Results 10 out of 10 is a perfect score The higher the score, the better the condition A score over 7 indicates good condition A score of 10 is unusual A score less than 7 may indicate some medical assistance

9. Silver nitrate (For umbilical cord), Eye drops/ antiseptic ointment, Vitamin K injection (aids in clotting of blood) Baby weighed, measured, cleaned Blood taken from umbilical cord to check blood type. Foot printed Baby and mother are banded with same number

10. Head ¼ the baby’s body Head is molded- may appear pointed or lopsided 2 fontanels- located on head where bones are not yet joined. Eyes are nearly adult size

11. Dryness and peeling of the scalp. Extremely common Apply baby oil, gently wipe out, shampoo Begins in first 3 months Last 6-12 months May be caused by hormones

12. -Due to pressure of the cervix and the birth canal, and the bloating from amniotic fluid. -Diminishes in the first day -Baby’s ears and face may be slightly squashed from pressure in birth canal.

15. -Pooling of blood between the skull and the periosteum. -Result of pressure on the pelvis, vacuum extraction, or forceps. -Happens if the 2 nd stage of labor is prolonged.

21. Common- caused by excess levels of bilirubin, which is found in red blood cells. Bilirubin is usually excreted in functions that the liver performs. Jaundice occurs when bilirubin builds up faster than a newborn's liver can break it down and pass it from the body. Takes time for his liver to develop and take over the task. Phototherapy (ultraviolet light) sometimes given to help liver remove the jaundice causing bilirubin.

23. Removing of foreskin Usually done within the first 24 hours after being born up to the first week. Personal decision. (talk to spouse, family, Dr.) Reasons- cosmetic, health reasons

24. Startle – good sign for hearing. Ex: running vacuum, phone ringing, loud crowds.

25. Plamer Grasp- stroking the palm of the hand causes baby to grasp. Close fingers around yours or object. Plantar Grasp -(Babinski reflex) - When sole of foot is stroked baby will spread toes and turn inward. (like clutching something with toes)

26. Rooting- baby will turn toward touching of cheek. This helps baby find breast or bottle for feeding. Tonic/ Neck- When baby’s head is turned to its side the arm on that side extends. (fencing position)

28. First Hour After Birth Apgar Test & What it Means Other Tests after birth Cesarean births & when necessary Newborn’s appearance Silver Nitrate Eye drops/Oinment Footprint Identifying the baby Molded Head