1. EG2234 Earth Observation Applications of Remote sensing

2. TOPICS Quantitative remote sensing Rainfall estimation Land surface temperature Proxy air temperature NDVI, albedo, wind-speed and others Disaster Management Human Health Hydrodynamics

3. Quantitative remote sensing? Estimation of a physical quantity Proxy environmental variables Application driven Less science and more operational Makes use of algorithms Interfaces with environmental models

4. Applications that use quantitative RS Agriculture – NDVI, temperature, rainfall Health – NDVI, temperature, rainfall, dust, wind Hydrology – Rainfall Climate change – NDVI, temperature, rainfall Weather forecasting – Winds, rainfall

5. Rainfall estimation Cold Cloud Duration (CCD) using Meteosat Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission using radar (TRMM) Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) rainfall measurement using microwave instruments

6. Land Surface Temperature Thermal infrared images provide an estimate of the magnitude of radiant energy Radiance (usually expressed as watts per square metre) can be converted to temperature via an instrument-specific algorithm Energy (and hence temperature) is of the land surface (LST) LST may be converted to a proxy air temperature by means of a solar correction algorithm

7. Other quantitative measurements NDVI Albedo Wind speed Potential Evapotranspiration (PET) Soil moisture Tropospheric humidity

8. NDVI Monitoring Habitat modelling Hydrology

9. VISIBLE Albedo Weather Fcst.

10. WATER VAPOUR Cloud motion Troposphere

11. Disaster Management Uses of RS for Disaster Management WildfiresVolcanic eruptions AvalancheTsunami EarthquakeLandslides FloodingExtreme weather DroughtDisease RefugeesMilitary

12. Disaster Management PLANNINGMITIGATION Modelling Assessment Prediction Contingency Monitoring situations Deployment of resources Decision-making Public relations COST EFFECTIVENESS !!!

14. QuickBird used extensively throughout Asian Tsunami Disaster

15. Human Health Health and disease often has a spatial component Climatic, environmental and socio-economic variables affect health Epidemics and outbreaks spread across a region – either as a function of movement of people or environmental factors

18. Hydrodynamics stream river estuary THE SEA

19. Hydrodynamics From DeMers, 2002

20. Hydrodynamics From DeMers, 2002

21. Further Reading Cresswell MP, Morse AP, Thomson MC and Connor SJ. (1999). Estimating surface air temperatures from Meteosat land surface temperatures using an empirical solar zenith angle model. International Journal of Remote Sensing, Vol 20 (6), 1125-1132. Lethbridge M. (1967). Precipitation probability and satellite radiation data. Monthly Weather Review, Vol 95 (7), 487-490 Milford J and Dugdale G. (1990). Estimation of rainfall using geostationary satellite data. In Applications of Remote Sensing in Agriculture. Edited by Steven M and Clark J. Published by Butterworths, London Dugdale G, Hardy S and Milford J. (1991). Daily catchment rainfall estimated from Meteosat. Hydrological Processes, Vol 5, 261-270

22. Further Reading TRMM Website: http://www.eorc.nasda.go.jp/TRMM/index_e.htm SSM/I Website: http://nsidc.org/data/docs/daac/ssmi_instrument.gd.html/ TAMSAT (CCD Rainfall) Website: http://www.met.reading.ac.uk/tamsat/