1. The Nazi Holocaust The Nazis’ genocide of Jews

2. Contents  Def. of Genocide and The Holocaust  Jews living in Europe  Germany and anti-Semitism  Reasons for the Holocaust  The Nazis’ anti-Semitic racial policy  The Ghettos  Camps/ Auschwitz& Birkenau  Liberation & Beyond  References

3. Def. of Genocide and The Holocaust  Genocide:  The Holocaust : any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group the Nazis’ systematic genocide of among 6 million Jews during 1938-1945  http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/index.html  http://www.holocaust-education.dk/holocaust/hvadhvemhvor.asp

4. Jews living in Europe http://www.brown.edu/Courses/HI0135/Documents/Nazigenmaps.htm http://www.holocaust.com.au/jn/j_maps.htm 1 2

5. Jews living in Europe  1st: map of the age of the European Jewish communities in 1939. Most of them including Germany have existed for many years.  2nd: map of Jewish population in 1939 in Europe.

6. Germany and anti-Semitism  anti Jewish sentiment the Nazis used to carry out the persecution & later extermination of the European Jews  http://www.holocaust-education.dk/baggrund/antisemitisme.asp 1 2

7. 3 4 5 6

8. Germany and anti-Semitism  1st: Caricature of Jews’ preference for money and power in Germany.  2nd: Jews persecuted and murdered in the Middle Ages.  3rd: Pseudo-scientific measuring to define the Jews as inferior, threatening the purity of the German, master race.

9. Germany and anti-Semitism  4th: The ‘stab-in-the-back’ legend: The Jews got blamed for Germany’s defeat in World War Ⅰ.  5th: Caricature depicting Jews threatening Europe, causing economic crisis in 1930s.  6th: Malevolent caricature even appeared on the children’s books.

10. Reasons for the Holocaust  It’s fundamentally based on Anti-Semitism (hostility toward the difference in religion & Jews taking over the money lending business)  Economic: Nazis confiscated property of Jews and sent it into the Treasury of the State to recover from economic crisis. http://kin.naver.com/db/detail.php?d1id=6&dir_id=607&eid=tm88ihPRoudfNh2JLYVlFZQf5hW4PHLj&ts=1129990030

11. Reasons for the Holocaust  Military: Nazis developed the military employing SA&SS, buying war supplies, conscripting the army through property confiscated from Jews.  Political: using hatred of Jews, induced dissatisfaction of German society to it of Jews, justified the dictatorship of Hitler, evoked the pride of racial identity.

12. The Nazis’ anti-Semitic racial policy  1933-34: Boycott of Jewish stores & the Jews are not allowed to work as: civil servants, professors, journalists, artists  1930's: Physical attacks on Jewish property and people  1935-39: Jewish property is confiscated, Jews had to emigrate from Germany  1939-40: Ghettos are established in Poland  1941: The first organized mass murders (by shooting)& the first gassings (using gassing trucks), Gas chambers and crematoria under construction  1942: Extermination camps are established and Jews are deported there.  http://www.holocaust-education.dk/baggrund/antisemitisme.asp#Nazisterne%20og%20antisemitisme.asp

13.  http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/holoc aust.htm  http://www.holocaust.com.au/jn/n_maps.htm  http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/h- boycott.htm 1 2 3

14. The Nazis’ anti-Semitic racial policy  1st: Nazis’ racism in Jews was soon accepted by many Germans.  2nd: Nazi storm troopers block the entrance to a Jewish-owned store.  3rd: Adolf Hitler salutes SS troops on parade while SS Leader Himmler watches.

15. The Ghettos  http://www.brown.edu/Cours es/HI0135/Documents/Nazig enmaps.htm  http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/holo caust.htm 12 3

16. The Ghettos  1st: map of Jewish Ghettos in Europe.  2nd: Jews in Vienna forced to scrub sidewalks.  3rd: Jewish children in the Lodz Ghetto on their way toward the Chelmno Extermination Camp.

17. Camps  Concentration camps (1933-1945) imprisoned people in camps because of their “otherness” or in order to use them for forced labor; many purposes  Extermination camps (1941-1945) were constructed with one purpose: to mass murder Jews and others (six extermination camps, 3 million Jews were killed) » Combined camps: Auschwitz-Birkenau  http://www.holocaust-education.dk/lejre /

18. http:// www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust / 1

19.  http://www.ushmm.org/outreach/eur78940.htm 2

20.  http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/h-dach-early.htm  http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/h-warsaw.htm 3 4 5

21.  http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/h-einz- 42.htm http://www.holocaust-education.dk/lejre/udryddelseslejre.asp 6 http://fcit.coedu.usf.edu/holocaust/resource/gallery/CampMisc.h tm 7 8

22. Camps  1st: map of concentration and extermination camps  2nd: map of deportations to extermination camps in occupied Poland; Jews from Germany& German-occupied Europe were deported.

23. Camps  3rd: A prisoner in Dachau wearing a triangle patch identification on his chest.  4th: A chart of prisoner triangle identification markings used in Nazi concentration camps for guards to easily see which type of prisoner was.  5th: Jewish families arrested in Warsaw Ghetto to be gassed at Treblinka extermination camp.

24. Camps  6th: The last Jew left alive at Vinica, Ukraine is about to be shot by SS man, as he kneels on the edge of a mass grave.  7th: Bodies are burned in Auschwitz in the summer of 1944.  8th: Crematory.

25. Auschwitz& Birkenau  functioned as a concentration camp & became the largest killing center  more than 1 million Jews were gassed to death

26. http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/h- ausch-air.htm http://www.holocaust.com.au/mm/c_flowchart.htm 1 2 3

27. Auschwitz& Birkenau  1st: Aerial view of Auschwitz-Birkenau taken by the U.S. Army  2nd: Aerial view of Birkenau extermination camp

28. Auschwitz& Birkenau  3rd: When the victims arrived to the extermination camps in overcrowded trains, men are separated from women (among survivors); the first to be gassed were the men. The SS chose those able to work, while those unable to work were sent to the gas chambers or shot. Their belongings& valuables were handed over before death or those still alive searched the bodies for after death.

29. Liberation & Beyond http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/holocaust/h-poss.htm http://www.holocaust.com.au/lb/dm_deathtoll.htm

30. Liberation & Beyond  1st: map of the number of Jews murdered in Nazi-dominated Europe between 1939- 1945.  2nd: An enormous pile of clothing taken from children who were gassed at Auschwitz.

31. Liberation & Beyond  3rd: Bales of hair shaven from women at Auschwitz, used to make felt-yarn.  4th: A stash of gold wedding rings taken from victims at Buchenwald.

32. References  http://www.historyplace.com http://www.historyplace.com  http://www.holocaust.com.au http://www.holocaust.com.au  http://www.holocaust-education.dk http://www.holocaust-education.dk  http://www.ushmm.org http://www.ushmm.org  http://www.brown.edu/Courses/HI0135/Documents/Nazi genmaps.htm http://www.brown.edu/Courses/HI0135/Documents/Nazi genmaps.htm  www.auschwitz.dk www.auschwitz.dk  http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/games/nazi_genocide_timel ine/noflash.shtml http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/games/nazi_genocide_timel ine/noflash.shtml  http://kin.naver.com/db/detail.php?d1id=6&dir_id=607&e id=tm88ihPRoudfNh2JLYVlFZQf5hW4PHLj&ts=1129990030 http://kin.naver.com/db/detail.php?d1id=6&dir_id=607&e id=tm88ihPRoudfNh2JLYVlFZQf5hW4PHLj&ts=1129990030