2. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What are the locational changes in the iron and steel industry in China?

3. Iron & steel industry in China Quit How important is the iron and steel industry in China? Iron and steel industry is a very important industry because it provides basic _____________ used by many other industries. raw materials Iron and steel industry is very important to China too. Do you know what China’s rank in the world is in terms of steel production?

4. Iron & steel industry in China Quit How important is the iron and steel industry in China? Major crude steel producers in the world, 2005 Which bar shows China’s data? South Korea RussiaUSAJapanChina What is China’s share in world steel production? ______% 30.9

5. Iron & steel industry in China Quit How important is the iron and steel industry in China? Major net importers of steel, 2004 Although China produces a lot of steel, it still needs to import plenty of steel to meet domestic demand. ItalyIranThailandUSAChina What is China’s rank as a net importer of steel in the world? Why does China need to produce and consume so much steel?

6. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? 1950s In this period, iron and steel works were mainly concentrated in the __________, for example, north-east What were the major locational factors of the iron and steel industry in China during this period? Anshan

7. Iron & steel industry in China Quit Locational effectMajor locational factors _______________ To save transport costs - iron ore - limestone They are heavy and ______ Locate near to iron ore fields _______________-oriented What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? 1950s Raw materials bulky Raw material

8. Iron & steel industry in China Quit Locational effectMajor locational factors ________________ To save transport costs - coal It is heavy and _________ Locate near to coal mines ______________-oriented What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? 1950s Power resourcesbulky Power

9. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? Anshan 1950s Early 1950s to late 1970s

10. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? Anshan 1950s Early 1950s to late 1970s 1970s How did the distribution of iron and steel works change during this period? …and even to the West (e.g. Urumqi ) Can you give any examples of major iron and steel centres found in the Central? Baotou Taiyuan Wuhan Panzhihua What were the major locational factors of the iron and steel industry in China during this period? Inland shift to the Central…

11. Iron & steel industry in China Quit Locational effectMajor locational factors Raw materialsRaw material-oriented What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? Early 1950s to late 1970s Power resourcesPower-oriented

12. Iron & steel industry in China Quit Locational effectMajor locational factors What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? Early 1950s to late 1970s _____________ policy Government - _________ reasons: avoid industries from being attacked - _________ reasons: ~ balance economic development ~ relieve the problem of overpopulation in the coastal regions strategic social _______ shift of industries Inland

13. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? Early 1950s to late 1970s Government policy is a particularly important locational factor in China not only in this period but also in the later period. Do you know why? It is because the economy in China is ________________. Most iron and steel works are _______________. state-planned state-owned

14. Iron & steel industry in China Quit How does the distribution of iron and steel works change during this period? There is a general shift to the ________ regions. coastal What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? 1970s Early 2000s Can you name some of the major iron and steel centres? What are the major locational factors of iron and steel industry in China nowadays? 1980s to the present Shanghai Beijing Anshan

15. Iron & steel industry in China Quit Locational effectMajor locational factors What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? Government policy - _______ policy - the policy of ‘having some regions developed first’ open Shift of industries to the _________ regions coastal 1980s to the present

16. Iron & steel industry in China Quit Locational effectMajor locational factors What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? _______________ advancements - use of new furnaces Technological Less coal and iron ore are used 1980s to the present The locational importance of _________________ and _____________ decreases - _______ iron can be used The locational importance of ________ and __________ _________ increases raw materials power resources scrap market - use of ________ carriers and better railway transport bulk Lower transport costs of power resources and raw materials coastal location

17. Iron & steel industry in China Quit export import What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? 1980s to the present Why does the coastal location become more important? It is because: it is easier to _______ raw materials from overseas; it is easier to _______ finished products to overseas markets.

18. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What other favourable locational factors coastal regions have? What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? 1980s to the present ( Small / Big ) markets _______________ economies Agglomeration

19. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? 1980s to the present Well-developed transport networks and i_____________ Shekou Port, Shenzhen nfrastructure and… Main railway line Line under construction Railway junction/ Terminus

20. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? 1980s to the present ___________ flat land Extensive Can get land through ______________ reclamation Water for _________ cooling

21. Iron & steel industry in China Quit East 47% Central 35% West 18% What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? 1980s to the present Abundant supply of __________ labour Percentage of graduates with senior secondary education or above in the three economic regions, 2003 skilled

22. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? 1980s to the present On the other hand, problems in the inland areas discourage industrial development. For example, Far away from major markets Poor transport networks and low a___________ ccessibility __________ climate Extreme _________ relief Rugged _________ population Small Mainly ____________ labour unskilled Uneconomical to exploit the resources

23. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? To conclude… Major locational factors: 1950s - ________________ Raw materials Main location: - ________________ Power resources - _____________ North-east

24. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? 1950s-1970s - ________________ Raw materials Main location: - ________________ Power resources - Shift to ________ areas inland - ________________ Government policy Major locational factors:

25. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What is the spatial distribution of the iron and steel industry in China? 1980s onwards - ________________ Main location: - ________________ ________________ - Shift to _________ regions coastal - Increase the locational pull of _________ Government policy Technological markets advancements Major locational factors:

26. Iron & steel industry in China Quit ___________ in Liaoning Reasons: - Building new steel plants elsewhere is costly -If _________ costs > costs ________________ - Moving the ___________ is costly Industrial ________ Has there been any industrial inertia in the iron and steel industry in China? Have you noticed which major iron and steel centre thrives throughout the period from the 1950s to present? Why?  industry may stay behind Anshan machinery moving saved by moving inertia

27. Iron & steel industry in China Quit Has there been any industrial inertia in the iron and steel industry in China? Are there any other reasons for Anshan to remain as one of the major iron and steel centres in China? Presence of infrastructure Good transport Agglomeration economies Long history of development

28. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What are the problems of the iron and steel industry in China? Iron ore (million tonnes) Electricity (million tonnes of coal equivalent) ProductionConsumption 468 336 1,8461,970 This table shows the production and consumption amount of iron ore and electricity in China in 2004. What problem does the iron and steel industry in China face? Problems that the industry faces

29. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What are the problems of the iron and steel industry in China? Iron ore (million tonnes) Electricity (million tonnes of coal equivalent) ProductionConsumption 468 336 1,8461,970 Problems that the industry faces There is a __________ of raw materials and electricity. shortage China is now the largest iron ore importer in the world. Besides the problem above, transporting raw materials and finished steel products has also imposed great pressure on the ________ and __________ sectors. railwayshipping

30. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What are the problems of the iron and steel industry in China? Problems caused by the industry Environmental problems produces Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) Sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) + Water droplets Smog + Water vapour Acid rain Global warming

31. Iron & steel industry in China Quit What are the problems of the iron and steel industry in China? Problems caused by the industry Socio-economic problems ______________ of iron and steel works  outdated, medium- and small-scale iron and steel works… Closed OR Restructured Workers are laid off _________ _________ problems _______________ Unemployment Socio- economic Modernization

32. Iron & steel industry in China Quit

33. Iron & steel industry in China Quit Imports of iron ore in China, 1980-2004 What is the trend of the imports of iron ore in China? Increasing. How does this trend affect the location of iron and steel industry? The industry tends to locate in coastal regions.

34. Iron & steel industry in China Quit Exports of steel products in China, 1980-2004 What is the trend of the exports of steel products in China? Increasing. How does this trend affect the location of iron and steel industry? The industry tends to locate in coastal regions.