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Ferns
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Alternation of generations
Zygote created from egg & sperm
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Alternation of generations
Zygote divides by mitosis to create adult sporophyte
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Alternation of generations
Haploid spores created by meiosis
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Alternation of generations
Haploid spores released into air
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Alternation of generations
Spore grows into male or female gametophyte Female gametophyte creates eggs Male gametophyte creates sperm
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Alternation of generations
Sperm & egg create diploid zygote
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Alternation of generations
Cycle repeats
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Group 2: Seedless, Vascular Plants
Evolutionary Advancement: Vascular system allows nutrient transport to greater heights Moist environments Swimming sperm Structure: Rhizoids = primitive roots Leaves = fronds Categories: Club mosses Horsetails Ferns glucose water
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Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid
See appendix B in your text book
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Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid
Fronds house sori Fiddlehead Frond Fiddlehead uncurling See appendix B in your text book
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Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid
Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia See appendix B in your text book
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Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid
Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia Sporangia make spores Spores created by meiosis Spores released into air See appendix B in your text book
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Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid
Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia Sporangia make spores Spores created by meiosis Spores released into air Sporangia act like catapults See appendix B in your text book
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Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Dominant stage; Diploid
Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia Sporangia make spores Spores created by meiosis Spores released into air Sporangia act like catapults See appendix B in your text book
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Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Gametophyte phase
Dominant stage; Diploid Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia Sporangia make spores Spores created by meiosis Spores released into air Gametophyte phase spore grows into prothallus See appendix B in your text book
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Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Gametophyte phase
Dominant stage; Diploid Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia Sporangia make spores Spores created by meiosis Spores released into air Gametophyte phase spore grows into prothallus Prothallus contains: Archegonium: produces female egg Antheridium: produces male sperm Sperm swims to fertilize the egg See appendix B in your text book
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Fern Life Cycle Sporophyte phase Gametophyte phase
Dominant stage; Diploid Fronds house sori Sorus = Cluster of sporangia Sporangia make spores Spores created by meiosis Spores released into air Gametophyte phase spore grows into prothallus Prothallus contains: Archegonium: produces female egg Antheridium: produces male sperm Sperm swims to fertilize the egg Zygote restarts sporophyte See appendix B in your text book
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. . . . Spores are released from the sori on the back-side of fronds
Adult Sporophyte (diploid) ground
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2) Haploid spores land in the soil
. . ground
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. . 3) From the haploid spores, the prothallus (gametophyte) grows
Let’s zoom in ground . .
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4) Sperm swim through water from the antheridium to the archegonia
Let’s zoom back out zygote
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5) Diploid sporophyte grows from the prothallus
-- prothallus eventually dies ground
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. . . . 6) Fiddlehead uncurls into a fronds 7) Cycle repeats
-- Sporangia creates spores to be released . . . . ground
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Place the steps of the fern life cycle in order, from the step started for you:
__ 1 ___ Spores land on soil. _______ Sporophyte releases spores. _______ Through water, sperm swim from antheridium to archegonium on prothallus. _______ Prothallus grows. _______ Fertilization occurs. _______ Diploid sporophyte begins to grow.
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