1. Expanding Democracy and Nationalism
Westward Expansion
Expanding Democracy and Nationalism

3. Thomas Jefferson – 3rd President
Jefferson wanted to obtain New Orleans as a trading port
He sent representatives to speak to the French about buying the port
At first, the leader of France, Napoleon, did not want to sell the port. But when there was a revolt in Haiti (an island in the Caribbean that was a French colony) Napoleon decided to give up on the idea of having colonies in America.

4. France and England at War
Why is this important to us?
Napoleon could not afford to wage war against England and keep American colonies
When Jefferson offered to buy New Orleans, Napoleon offered to sell all of the Louisiana territory to the United States for $15,000,000

5. Louisiana Purchase – the Map

6. Louisiana Purchase and Lewis and Clark
Once the President had made the purchase of the Louisiana territory through a “treaty,” he decided to send an expedition to explore the territory
The purchase made many Americans feel very proud that our country was growing – this created nationalism – a pride in one’s country

7. War of 1812
The young U.S. and Great Britain went to war in 1812 because:
The British were taking Americans and making them serve on their navy ships
The British were selling guns and arms to the Native Americans on the frontier

8. James Madison becomes the 4th President
Madison was President during the War of 1812
When the British invaded Washington, D.C. they burned much of the capital, including the President’s home

9. War of
Star Spangled Banner was written – Battle of Fort McHenry
British invaded and burned Washington
Andrew Jackson becomes a hero at the Battle of New Orleans
Outcome?
The U.S. wins the war
This creates more nationalism

10. James Monroe becomes the 5th President
The Federalist Party, and political parties in general sort of went out of fashion for a time
This “Era of Good Feeling” made Americans proud – again, an increase in nationalism
James Monroe issued the Monroe Doctrine stating that the U.S. would not tolerate European countries trying to colonize in the Americas. (Mexico had just become independent from Spain, too.)

11. Manifest Destiny
After the Purchase of Louisiana, many people thought it was the destiny of the U.S. to expand all the way to the Pacific Ocean
Mexico, now independent from Spain, started to invite Americans to come to the area that is now Texas to stop so many indian attacks

12. Invention of the Cotton Gin
Just as people were moving west, Eli Whitney invented the cotton gin. The gin made it possible to separate cotton seeds from the cotton fibers

13. Cotton becomes a big cash crop
The cotton gin made it profitable to grow lots of cotton because it was now cost effective to grow it and process it
All of the southern slaveholding states began to grow cotton
Cotton growing spread west

14. Missouri Compromise
Mexico

15. Missouri Compromise
As people moved west, many wanted the new states to be slave states so that they could grow cotton on plantations
Terms of the Compromise: Missouri would enter as a slave state
Maine as a free state – keeping balance of power in Senate equal
No slavery above the 36’30” line

16. Area gained by Mexico?
All of the area that is all of what is present day Mexico, along with what is present day Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, Nevada, Utah and California

17. Why did Americans living in TX start a rebellion?
Santa Anna became the leader of Mexico and he tightened control over Texas, making new rules – Americans living in Texas rebelled

18. Texas Wins Independence
What happened at the Alamo?
Americans were trapped there and killed by the Mexican Army
After a series of battles who won the war for Texas Independence?
The Texans of course! (Many of them were Americans.)

19. What did Northerners fear about Texas?

20. When did annexation of TX become a big issue?
With the election of 1844
By the way, who won that election?
James K. Polk

21. Which 2 Presidents supported TX becoming a state?
President Polk and President Tyler

22. Why did the British give up Oregon so easily?
Keeping the territory was no longer profitable
They were trading with America for cotton and selling factory made cloth to America, so they wanted to keep the trade relations friendly

23. What actions by U.S. caused war with Mexico?
General Taylor led troops to the border of Mexico
Mexico and the U.S. did not agree on the border!!
When Mexican troops attacked, the U.S. had an excuse to go to war

24. War with Mexico

25. Treaty that ended the war?
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
Terms of the Treaty?
Mexico had to surrender or give up New Mexico territory and California

26. What was gained in the Gadsden Purchase?
The U.S. gained the southern portion of the New Mexico territory (which would eventually become part of New Mexico and Arizona.)

27. The Cherokee and the Trail of Tears
How did westward movement affect Native Americans?
As Americans moved west, they pushed natives off of the land, eventually the U.S. government rounded up many tribes and moved them to reservations
The Cherokee were forced to march to Oklahoma – Trail of Tears because so many died

28. What did Congress pass in 1830?
The Indian Removal Act

29. Trail of Tears?
Forced Removal of the Cherokee and other eastern tribes to Oklahoma territory
The march was made in the winter and many Natives died along the way so it became known as the Trail of Tears

30. What was discovered in California in 1848?

31. What happened as a result?

32. Why was Compromise of 1850 passed?
So many people were flocking to CA that the U.S. felt like it needed to get a stable government there

33. Terms of the Compromise?
CA enters as a free state
Fugitive Slave law passed
Other territories can decide slavery by popular sovereignty

34. Different Motivations?
Land
Religious freedom
Gold