1. Franz Schubert( )
Learned to play violin/piano from father and brother
Beautiful soprano voice
“learned everything from God”
Composed variety of lieders, operas, symphonies, chamber music
Suffered during late adulthood (syphilis)
Buried next to Beethoven
Casey Sherman

2. Franz Schubert Influenced by Mozart and Beethoven
Blended classical and romantic styles
He wrote more than 600 songs
He became popular after death

3. Franz Schubert Known as the Prince of Song.
He became popular after his death.
In 1897 there was a festival in his honor.
He wrote a symphony called “Great”

4. Robert Schumann Prominent composer of Romantic Era 1810-1856 Known for
Symphonies
Chamber music
Piano music
Lieder
Looked up to
Mozart
Beethoven
Chopin
Looked down upon Lizst, Wagner
Protégé
Johannes Brahms

5. Robert Schumann Music Life Composer of German Lieder
Embodied German Romanticism
Employed themes of love
Most famous song cycle- A poet’s love
Life
Married Clara Weick
Fell into depression and madness

6. Fanny Mendelssohn-Music
Large-scale works:
Piano Trio
String quartet
Cantatas
An oratorio
Highly lyrical style
Wide range of tonal, harmonic, and formal variety
Loved to write about nature
Drawn to Joseph von Eichendorff, poet
“Mountain Yearning” based off of one of his folk-inspired poems

7. Fanny Mendelssohn Life Span: 1805-1847
Actively discouraged from pursuing music as a career because of her gender
Brother and Father cautioned her to be the traditional housewife
Talents were recognized by some like the poet Goethe

8. Frederic Chopin Considered the father of modern music
Had a unique style that makes his music recognizable by many
Was influenced by Mozart and Bach the most
He wrote upwards of 200 pieces, almost exclusively for piano

9. Frederic Francois Chopin
Educated at the Conservatory of Warsaw
At the age of 21, Chopin moved to Paris, where he spent the rest of his life
Many musicians and literary figures influenced Chopin:
German poet Heinrich Heine
The painter Eugene Delacroix

10. Franz Liszt
Thematic Transformation -shift of emotions -RomanticTensionConflictTriumph -Similar to the Concerto structure
Created Lyrical Expression
Freedom of expression in music
Gnomenreigen and the Little Bell Etude
Violin Concerto no. 2 B Minor by Paganini
Finger octaves
Like Gnomes dancing

11. Franz Liszt Attached to French Romanticism
Director and grand conductor of the opera house during Weimar Period
Utilized advantage to sway music preferences of the future
Endorsed music of Wagner , Berlioz, and Chopin
Noted as teacher, composer, virtuoso pianist
New customary piano performance posture and technique

12. Clara Schumann ( )
One of the most distinguished musicians of the 19th century despite her gender.
Lifelong friend of Johannes Brahms.
Wife of Robert Schumann.
Her father was angered by her marrying Robert Schumann.
2 large scale works (Piano Concerto and a trio for Pianos and Strings)
Was more famous than her husband.
Started studying piano at the age of 5.
1st concert appearance was in Leipzig at the age of 9.

13. Clara Schumann (1819 -1896) Musical Career: * Outstanding pianist
* Composer
* Leading interpreter of the music of
- Brahms
- Chopin
- Robert Schumann (her husband)
Works = technically difficult & deeply introspective
Known for her following works:
* songs
* piano music
* chamber music

14. He was appointed conductor at the London Drury Lane theatre
While receiving attention from all leading musical reference books, he was still not generally accepted as being one of the great composers
Berlioz was not a child prodigy, unlike some other famous composers of the time
He was not formally trained
In 1864 Berlioz was made Officier de la  Légion d'honneur
he began studying music at age 12, when he began writing small compositions and arrangements
Berlioz's work as a conductor was highly influential

15. Hector Berlioz Best known as a composer, but also a writer.
His Works (Composition) :
The Trojans (opera)
The Childhood of Christ (oratorio)
Symphonie Fantastique

16. Bedrich Smetana Born in Eastern Bohemia in the Czech Republic
Learned violin by his father
Went to school in Prague when he was 15
joined the nationalist uprising in 1848
Conducted and wrote 8 operas for the national theater in Prague
Most famous piece the Moldau is about the bohemian river in his homeland
1st bohemian to achieve international fame

17. How It Is Expressed
Others wrote the symphonic poems and operas celebrating the exploits of a national hero, historic events of the scenic beauty of their county
Some based music on the songs and dances
Many wrote dramatic works based on the folklore or peasant life
Nationalism today: Beauty and the Beast

18. Johannes Brahms ( )
Continued classical traditions (especially Beethoven’s)
Great notable works:
- 4 Symphonies (including the Third).
- Solo piano/chamber music.
- Leider.
Created romantic art in purest classical form.
Unique aspect: dances made for his
rhapsodies/ballades.
The German Requiem was widely recognized.
Preached a more hopeful and
inevitable way to death.

19. Johannes Brahms ( )
First compositions greatly impressed Joseph Joachim, leading violinist of the day
Robert and Clara Schumann took Brahms into their home
Robert Schumann lingered for two years while Brahms began to fall in love with Clara
Brahms never got married in his lifetime

20. Johannes Brahms
Its aim was to console the living and lead them to a serene acceptance of death as an inevitable part of life
Although the idea of the Lord is the source of the comfort, the sympathetic humanism persists through the work.
Arranged in seven movements
Loss of mother and Schumann motivated him to write the German Requiem

24. Felix Mendelssohn Preserved classical Tradition Caused revival of Bach
Founded Leipzig Conservatory of Music

25. Amy Beach (1867-1944) 1867-1944 Henniker, New Hampshire
Child of wealthy industrialist, Charles Abbott Cheney
Was a child prodigy
Could create counter melodies to songs her mom would sign to her
She married Henry Beach, a physician and amateur singer
Who asked her to focus on composition

26. Amy Beach/early American music
The united states was dominated by European musical styles in the 19th century
Women in the romantic era were discouraged from perusing careers as composers

27. Giuseppe Verdi A play writer Wrote Rigoletto Setting Of Rigoletto:
Renaissance era
North Italy
small town - Mantua.
Exact location is the ducal court.
Act II
Rigoletto warns Gilda(his daughter) to stay at home.
She has already fell in love with the Duke
The Duke’s new love vanished.
Who is Rigoletto’s daughter, Gilda.

28. Giuseppe Verdi (1813- 1901) Born in a small town in northern Italy
Went to Milan for two years
Verdi returned to Busseto to take a position as an organist
3 years later, Verdi returned to Milan with the manuscript of an opera
The opera’s success brought him three other commissions
Fell in love with one of his benefactor’s daughter
In almost 80 years old astonished the world with Falstaff
Interesting facts:
Wrote 28 operas
Died at 87
Left most of his fortune to a home for aged musicians that he had founded (still operating today)

29. Giuseppe Verdi ( )
Verdi’s music stands as the epitome of Romantic drama and passion
Verdi thought melody was very important
Macbeth is the most important of Verdi’s fifteen early operas
The operas of the middle period show Verdi writing on a more ambitious scale
Included elements from the French Grand Operas
His final operas were described as the best of Italian lyric tragedies in 100 years 29

30. Richard Wagner
Wagner created endless melody to keep emotions heightened throughout his pieces
Wagner made the orchestras larger to be able to better play the complex parts of his pieces

31. Richard Wagner (1813-1883) A revolution broke out in Dresden in 1849.
Wagner rebelled in many of the revolutions
The Wagner gospel spread across Europe as a new art-religion
THE RING CIRCLE was presented to worshipful audiences at the first festival

32. George Bizet
Won the highest award possible, the Prix de Rome* in 1857
Three months after the premiere of the opera Bizet died of a heart attack at the age of 37

33. Georges Bizet Bizets famous opera “Carmen” Four acts
First performed in Paris
Tells the story of the downfall of Don José,
Before run concluded, Bizet died suddenly, and thus knew nothing of the opera's later celebrity
Continues to be one of the most frequently performed operas

34. Giacomo Puccini’s Madame Butterfly
This piece was set in Nagasaki, Japan
Contains 3 acts
1st: Introduction, soft instruments
2nd: More drama, but mellow at the same time
3rd: Climax, Deeper, more suspenseful instruments
It ends when the man’s ex-wife from Japan kills herself with a knife (In the 3rd Act)

35. Giacomo Puccini Works became less frequent as he got older
Favorite theme=Love
Known for:
Madame Butterfly 35

36. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Born in Russia
As a child, took piano lessons
Mother passed away from cholera when he was young
Traumatized him, struggled with it for the rest of his life
Was very devoted to her
Married twice
Both marriages unsuccessful
Had multiple affairs and known for homosexuality scandal
Died of cholera

37. Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky
Composed during the romantic Period
Russian Heritage had an influence on his music
Wrote:
Overtures
Symphonies
Ballets
Operas
Sonatas (occasionally)
Music consisted of
European Harmonic Regression
Expressive melodies
Structured meters
Repetition
Heavy orchestration
One of Tchaikovsky’s major works is the Romeo and Juliet overture that contains the well known “love theme.”