1. Air Law Aerodromes

2. Reference
From the Ground Up Chapter 4.1: Aerodromes Pages

3. Introduction
Aerodromes and their aircraft manoeuvring areas are important to know when operating an aircraft on and around them.
It is important to know and understand the use of all markings and lighting when flying and taxiing.

4. Outline Definitions Runway Numbering Aerodrome Markings
Wind Indicators
Aerodrome Lighting
Radio Terms
Light Signals

5. Definitions
Aerodrome - Any area of land or water designed for the arrival, departure, movement and servicing of aircraft
Airport - Any aerodrome in which a certificate is in force
Movement Area - Areas used for surface movement of aircraft, including maneuvering areas and aprons
Maneuvering Area - Areas used for taking off, landing and aircraft taxiing, including runways and taxiways
Apron (AKA Ramp) - Area for loading/unloading, refueling, servicing and parking aircraft

6. Runway Numbering Runway number: Example:
Magnetic bearing
Round to nearest 10°
Omit last digit
Add L, C or R if more than one parallel runway (left, centre or right)
Example:
Runway pointing 18° = Rwy 02
Parallel runways pointing 151° = Rwy 15L and Rwy 15R
Other end of runway is reciprocal number (+ or - 18)

7. Runway Numbering 45° magnetic bearing 225° magnetic bearing 0° 360° 23
270°
90° 05
180°
225° magnetic bearing

8. Runway Numbering 0°
360°
18R
18L
270°
90°
36L
36R
180°

9. Runway Markings

10. Runway Markings 09 Runway Centreline White lines in middle of runway
Threshold
White line across end of runway
Displaced Threshold
Arrows on pavement before threshold
Area not to be used for landing

11. Taxiway Markings 09
Hold Lines Yellow lines across taxiway Aircraft must “hold short” at line unless cleared to cross
Taxiway Centerline Yellow line in middle of taxiway Aircraft centre themselves on line

12. Unserviceable Areas 09 Aircraft not to use unserviceable areas
Large white or yellow “X”s on both ends of and along runway or taxiway
Red flags or flashing red lights may mark unserviceable areas that can be passed with caution

13. Wind Indicators Wind Sock Tetrahedron (or Wind T)
Points away from wind
Straight = 15 kts or more
30° down = 6 kts
Fluctuating = Gusty
Tetrahedron (or Wind T)
Points into wind
Does not show wind speed

14. Aerodrome Lighting Runway End - Red Runway Edges - White
Obstructions/building/towers
Steady or flashing red lights or white strobe lights
Taxiway Edges - Blue
Runway Threshold - Green

15. Approach Lights

16. VASIS VASIS = Visual Approach Slope Indicator System
Above approach slope
Correct approach slope
Below approach slope
All Red
All White

17. PAPI

18. PAPI PAPI = Precision Approach Path Indicator High Slightly high
Correct approach
Slightly low
Low
All Red
All White

19. Circuit Downwind Leg Enter here Base Leg Crosswind Leg 09 27 Final Leg
Left turns = Left-hand circuit (default aerodrome circuit)
Upwind Side
Enter here

20. Radio Terms

21. Radio Terms NORDO (No Radio) RONLY (receive only)
Aircraft not capable of communicating over radio
Either no radio or radio malfunction
RONLY (receive only)
Aircraft can only receive radio, but not transmit
Aircraft may confirm messages through visual signals (such as rocking wings)

22. Light Signals

23. Ground Light Signals Flashing Green Light Cleared to taxi
Steady Green Light Cleared for take-off
Flashing Red Light Taxi clear of runway in use
Steady Red Light Stop
Flashing White Light Return to starting point on airport
Blinking Runway Lights Vacate runway immediately

24. Air Light Signals Steady Green Light Clear to land
Steady Red Light Do not land, continue in circuit (or Red Flare)
Flashing Green Light Return for landing
Alternating Red and Danger, be on alert Green Light (US)
Flashing Red Light Airport unsafe, do not land
Red Pyrotechnical Light Do not land for the time being

25. Next Lesson
3.2 – Air Law Airspace From the Ground Up Chapter 4.2: The Canadian Airspace System Pages