1. Zoonoses Protecting yourself and your family from animal diseases and infections

2. What are zoonoses? Diseases that are transmitted from animals to humans

3. What kind of animals transmit zoonoses? Farm Animals  Cattle  Swine  Goats  Cats & dogs  Poultry Wild Animals  Ticks  Squirrels  Raccoons  Mice/rodents  others

4. Farmers more susceptible to contracting zoonoses 1.More likely to share air and space with animals 2.More contact with domestic and wild animals

5. How are disease transmitted?  Every day contact with animals  Transporting carcasses  By-products (feces/urine)  Scratches or bites  From milk and milking  Contaminated soils  Contaminated meats

6. Common Zoonoses

7. Campylobacter Common Carriers Cattle Sheep Pigs Dogs Rodents Poultry

8. Campylobacter Transmission  Contaminated food or animals Clinical presentation  Stomach ache  Nausea  Headache  Diarrhea

9. Cat-Scratch Disease Common carriers Cats Dogs

10. Cat-Scratch Disease Transmission  Scratches and puncture wounds from infected animals Clinical presentation  Fever  Skin papule  Swollen lymph nodes

11. Salmoneliosis Common carriers Cattle Cats Dogs Horses Poultry

12. Salmonelliosis Transmission Direct contact with animal or feces Contaminated food Clinical Presentation  Chills  Fever  Headache  Diarrhea  Vomiting

13. Encephalitis Common carriers Horses Rodents

14. Encephalitis Transmission  Mosquito bites  Tick bites Clinical presentation  Lethargy  Fever  Headache  Disorientation

15. Rabies Common Carriers Cats Dogs Raccoons Skunks Bats Foxes

16. Rabies Transmission  Animal Bite  Contact with infected tissue, fluids or feces Clinical presentation  Fever  Headache  Agitation  Confusion  Seizures  Excessive salivation

17. Psittacosis Common Carriers Pigeons Parrots Turkeys Parakeets

18. Psittacosis Transmission  Inhalation from infected birds  Carcasses  Secretions  Contaminated facilities Clinical presentation  Fever  Headache  Pneumonia

19. Ringworm Common Carriers Cattle Cats

20. Ringworm Transmission  Direct contact with infected animal Clinical presentation  Skin lesions

21. Toxoplasmosis Common carriers Cats Sheep

22. Toxoplasmosis Transmission  Ingestion of infected meats  Fecal contaminated soil Clinical Presentation  Fever  Swollen nodes  Abortion  Still-birth  Mental retardation

23. Scabies Common Carriers Dogs Raccoons

24. Scabies Transmission  Direct contact with infected animals Clinical presentation  Itching skin lesions

25. Milker’s Nodules Common carrier Cow teats Ulcers from calves mouth

26. Milker’s Nodules Transmission  Milking or touching the teat of infected cow  Contact with a mouth ulcer in a calve Clinical presentation  5-14 day incubation period  2-5 small, red spots on hands

27. Prevention and Control

28. Assure an uncontaminated water supply  Properly construct wells  Add chlorination to water  Connect to water supply  Appropriate disposal of wastes

29. Prevent food contamination 1.Avoid unpasturized milk 2.Don’t allow juices to drip on other foods 3.Wash hands 4.Disinfect kitchen surfaces 5.Wash raw fruits and vegetables 6.Don’t defrost meats on the counter 7.Use separate utensils for raw/cooked meat

30. Cooking guidelines  Cook eggs until firm  Avoid foods with partially cooked eggs  Cook meats until juices are clear Poultry – internal temp of 180 degrees Beef – internal temp of 160 degrees  Fish should be white and flaky

31. Storing leftovers  Store food in appropriate containers  Set refrigerator temp to 40 and freezer to 0  Refrigerate leftovers immediately  Never leave food out for more than 2 hours

32. Always drink pasteurized milk!

33. Avoid contact with diseased animals  Dispose of carcasses properly Wear appropriate clothing and gloves Spray dead animals before moving them Dispose of animals according to law Wash hands afterwards

34. Discourage animals from nesting in your home  Keep a clean house  Seal small openings inside and out  Keep traps out of the reach  Store food in tight containers

35. Protect pets from getting & transmitting diseases  Vaccinate cats and dogs against rabies  Do not keep wild animals as pets  Do not allow pest to drink from toilet  Clean pet’s living area 1x/week  Clean litter box daily

36. Pregnant women should not clean litter boxes

37. Additional safety precautions  Treat livestock that salivate as if they have rabies  Wash your hands after handling or cleaning up after animals  Cover sandboxes when not in use

38. Prevent tick bites  Wear repellent  Wear appropriate clothing Long-sleeved shirt Tuck pant legs into socks  Check yourself and pets after being in a tick- infested area

39. Treat animal scratches and bites seriously  Wash area with soap and water  Apply anti-bacterial medication  Bandage wound  Consider medical attention

40. Most Zoonoses are preventable if cautionary measures are taken!!