1. Atoms, Ions and Isotopes

2. 2 Subatomic Particles ParticleSymbol Charge Relative Mass Electron e - 1- 0 Proton p + + 1 Neutron n0 1

3. 3 Atomic Number Counts the number of protons in an atom

4. 4 Atomic Number on the Periodic Table 11 Na Atomic Number Symbol

5. 5 All atoms of an element have the same number of protons 11 Na 11 protons Sodium

6. 6 Number of Electrons An atom is neutral The net charge is zero Number of protons = Number of electrons Atomic number = Number of electrons

7. 7 Mass Number Counts the number of protons and neutrons in an atom *Mass number is not on the periodic table

8. 8 Atomic Symbols Show the mass number and atomic number Give the symbol of the element mass number 23 Na sodium-23 atomic number 11

9. 9 More Atomic Symbols 16 3165 O P Zn 8 1530 8 p + 15 p + 30 p + 8 n16 n35 n 8 e - 15 e - 30 e -

10. 10 Isotopes Atoms with the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons. Atoms of the same element (same atomic number) with different mass numbers Isotopes of chlorine 35 Cl 37 Cl17 chlorine - 35 chlorine - 37

11. Ions An atom that has gained or lost electrons – An atom that loses electrons has a positive charge (+) Positive ions are called cations ex. Na +, Mg +2 – An atoms that gains electrons has a negative charge Negative ions are called anions Ex. Cl -, O -2 How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are there in the Calcium ion (Ca +2 )? How many protons, neutrons, and electrons are there in the Fluoride ion (F - )?

12. 12 Learning Check AT 5 An atom has 14 protons and 20 neutrons. A.Its atomic number is 1) 142) 163) 34 B. Its mass number is 1) 142) 163) 34 C. The element is 1) Si2) Ca3) Se D.Another isotope of this element is 1) 34 X 2) 34 X 3) 36 X 16 14 14

13. 13 Masses of Atoms A scale designed for atoms gives their small atomic masses in atomic mass units (amu) An atom of 12 C was assigned an exact mass of 12.00 amu Relative masses of all other atoms was determined by comparing each to the mass of 12 C An atom twice as heavy has a mass of 24.00 amu. An atom half as heavy is 6.00 amu.

14. 14 Calculating Average Atomic Mass You need to know… – Percent(%) abundance of isotopes – Mass of each isotope Weighted average = (mass of isotope 1)(% abundance/100) +(mass of isotope 2)(% abundance/100) + …

15. 15 Atomic Mass of Magnesium Isotopes Mass of Isotope Abundance 24 Mg =24.0 amu 78.70% 25 Mg = 25.0 amu 10.13% 26 Mg = 26.0 amu 11.17% (.7870 x 24.0) + (.1013 x 25.0) + (.1117 x 26.0) Atomic mass (average mass) Mg = 24.3 amu Mg 24.3

16. 16 Learning Check AT7 Gallium is a metallic element found in small lasers used in compact disc players. In a sample of gallium, there is 60.2% of gallium-69 (68.9 amu) atoms and 39.8% of gallium-71 (70.9 amu) atoms. What is the average atomic mass of gallium ?

17. 17 Solution AT7 Ga-69 68.9 amu x 60.2 = 41.5 amu for 69 Ga 100 Ga-71 (%/100) 70.9 amu x 39.8 = 28.2 amu for 71 Ga 100 Atomic mass Ga = 69.7 amu