1. Wireless Power Transmission and the Effect of its Development on Planetary Exploration Nicola Soper International Space University SSP05 Mars Society Conference 5 th August 2005

2. 06/08/2005 Nicola Soper Mars Society Conference 2005 Introduction History History Technology Technology Limitations Limitations Benefits and General Applications Benefits and General Applications Near term Affects for Mars Exploration Near term Affects for Mars Exploration Long term affects for Mars Exploration Long term affects for Mars Exploration Conclusions Conclusions

3. 06/08/2005 Nicola Soper Mars Society Conference 2005 History of WPT Brief History Brief History Nikola Telsa – Experimented in 1899 Nikola Telsa – Experimented in 1899 Imagined a global wireless power distribution system Imagined a global wireless power distribution system William Brown William Brown Established microwave to electricity conversion Established microwave to electricity conversion Invention of the Solar Panel Invention of the Solar Panel First NASA solar powered satellite 1958 First NASA solar powered satellite 1958 Oil Crisis Oil Crisis NASA program NASA program

4. 06/08/2005 Nicola Soper Mars Society Conference 2005 Technology Solar Harnessing Solar Harnessing Dynamic Power Generation via turbomachinery Dynamic Power Generation via turbomachinery Photovoltaic Cells Photovoltaic Cells Beam Technology Beam Technology Microwave (Radio frequency) Microwave (Radio frequency) Laser (Infrared Frequency Laser (Infrared Frequency Alternative = Mirrors to focus direct sunlight Alternative = Mirrors to focus direct sunlight

5. 06/08/2005 Nicola Soper Mars Society Conference 2005 Limitations Cost Cost Atmospheric and Weather Effects Atmospheric and Weather Effects Safety Safety Technical Maturity Technical Maturity Legal Legal Article IV of Outer Space Treaty 1967???, is it a weapon of Mass Destruction? Article IV of Outer Space Treaty 1967???, is it a weapon of Mass Destruction? ABM Treaty ABM Treaty Article II of Outer Space Treaty Non-Appropriation of space (protection) Article II of Outer Space Treaty Non-Appropriation of space (protection) ENMOD convention ENMOD convention

6. 06/08/2005 Nicola Soper Mars Society Conference 2005 In Orbit In Orbit Greater Intensity of Sunlight in Space Greater Intensity of Sunlight in Space Independence on Temporal Cycle - 99% time in Sunlight in GEO Independence on Temporal Cycle - 99% time in Sunlight in GEO Not subject to dimming over day period Not subject to dimming over day period Not subject to weather affects Not subject to weather affects Benefits and Applications

7. 06/08/2005 Nicola Soper Mars Society Conference 2005 Greater Power per unit area Greater Power per unit area Light weight deployable structures Light weight deployable structures Alternative to Solar Arrays and Nuclear Power Alternative to Solar Arrays and Nuclear Power Benefits and Applications

8. 06/08/2005 Nicola Soper Mars Society Conference 2005 Some Applications Global Energy Demand Global Energy Demand 50 x (5km squared panels) illuminated 99% time 50 x (5km squared panels) illuminated 99% time Beamed Energy Transportation Beamed Energy Transportation Direction Propellant heating Direction Propellant heating Electric Power Electric Power Lunar Base, ISS, Satellite Constellation Lunar Base, ISS, Satellite Constellation Commercial Applications Commercial Applications Tourism, Hotels etc. Tourism, Hotels etc. Planetary Exploration and Colonisation Planetary Exploration and Colonisation Planetary Protection Planetary Protection

9. 06/08/2005 Nicola Soper Mars Society Conference 2005 Planetary Exploration - Near Term Mission to Meridium Planum Mission to Meridium Planum Remote Locations Remote Locations Mass Advantages Mass Advantages 24hr Power 24hr Power

10. 06/08/2005 Nicola Soper Mars Society Conference 2005 Colonisation Colonisation Exploration, Human and Robotic Exploration, Human and Robotic Multi Settlements Multi Settlements Satellite Networks e.g. Communications, Remote Sensing, GPS etc. Satellite Networks e.g. Communications, Remote Sensing, GPS etc. Planetary Protection Planetary Protection Planetary Environmental Planetary EnvironmentalControl Planetary Exploration - Long Term

11. Thank you Any Questions? Nicola Soper International Space University SSP05 Mars Society Conference 5 th August 2005