1. Subpart O - Machine Guarding
Georgia Tech Research Institute
Welcome to Executive Introduction to ISO
It will help us today if we have an idea of your expertise and experience.
(Note count and write on flip chart)
Please raise your hand if you have been closely involved in getting your company ISO 9000 registered or implementing and maintaining ISO 9000.
Please raise your hand if you are the environmental manager or engineer or if you are involved with implementing environmental activities.
Please raise your hand if you are the CEO or have management responsibility at your plant site.
In the introduction we want to :
(1)provide you with information on where you can get assistance and
(2) provide you with a “road map to ISO 14000”, that is the big picture, before we get into the details.

4. We Will Cover: Machine Guarding Principles Subpart O - Highlights
Mock Plant Walk-Through

5. Why are machines not guarded?
No one would stick their arm, hand, finger, head, etc. in there.
No one is supposed to be back there, in there, around it while it is running.
The machine came that way; it never had a guard.
I’ve been doing it this way for twenty years without any problems.

6. Why are machines not guarded? (cont.)
The guard is in the way
The OSHA inspector didn’t say anything about it.
We’ll put it back on if OSHA comes.

7. Emphasis on Amputations : Where does it apply?
General industry employers whose workplaces include:
shears
saws
slicers
slitters
power presses
(the 4s and a P)

8. Machine Guarding Requirements
Prevent contact
Be secure
Protect from falling objects
Create no new hazards
No interference
Maintainability and accessibility

9. Where machine hazards occur:
Point of operation
Mechanical power transmission
Other moving parts

10. Machine Hazards
Hazardous Motions

11. Machine Guarding Hazardous Actions
Cutting
Shearing
Bending
Punching

12. Methods of machine safeguarding
Physical guards
Devices
Location/Distance

13. Guards
Fixed
Interlocked
Adjustable
Self-adjusting

14. Fixed Guard
Provides a barrier - a permanent part of the machine, preferable to all other types of guards.
(a)(2)
As a general rule, power-transmission apparatus is best protected by fixed guards that enclose the danger area. For hazards at the point of operation, where moving parts actually perform work on stock, several kinds of safeguarding are possible.

15. Interlocked Guard
When this type of guard is opened or removed, the tripping mechanism and/or power automatically shuts off or disengages, and the machine cannot cycle or be started until the guard is back in place.
Interlocked guard on revolving drum
An interlocked guard may use electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, or pneumatic power or any combination of these. Interlocks should not prevent “inching” by remote control, if required. Replacing the guard should not automatically restart the machine.

16. Adjustable Guard
Provides a barrier which may be adjusted to facilitate a variety of production operations.
Bandsaw blade adjustable guard
Adjustable guards are useful because they allow flexibility in accommodating various sizes of stock, but, because they require adjusting, they are subject to human error.

17. Self-Adjusting Guard
Provides a barrier which moves according to the size of the stock entering the danger area.
Circular table saw self-adjusting guard
Self-adjusting guards avoid the potential for human error associated with adjustable guards.

20. Safeguarding devices Presence sensing Pullback Restraint
Safety controls and trips
Gates

23. Pullback Device (cont’d)
Hands in die, feeding
Point of operation exposed
Pullback device attached and properly adjusted
Die closed
Hands withdrawn from point of operation by pullback device

25. Gate
Movable barrier device which protects the operator at the point of operation before the machine cycle can be started
If the gate does not fully close, machine will not function
Another potential application of this type of device is where the gate is a component of a perimeter safeguarding system. Here the gate may provide protection not only to the operator but to pedestrian traffic as well.
Gate Open
Gate Closed

26. Safety Tripwire Cables
Device located around the perimeter of or near the danger area
Operator must be able to reach the cable to stop the machine
Tripwire cables must be manually reset to restart the machine.

27. Safeguarding by Location/Distance
Locate the machine or its dangerous moving parts so that they are not accessible or do not present a hazard to a worker during normal operation
Maintain a safe distance from the danger area
One approach to safeguarding by location is shown in this photo. Operator controls may be located at a safe distance from the machine if there is no reason for the operator to tend it.
Another approach is to locate the machine so that a plant design feature, such as a wall, protects the worker and other personnel. Enclosure walls or fences can also restrict access to machines. Another possible solution is to have dangerous parts located high enough to be out of the normal reach of any worker.

28. Holding Tools Used to place and remove stock in the danger area
Not to be used instead of other machine safeguards, but as a supplement
(a)(3)(iii)

30. Robots
Machines that load and unload stock, assemble parts, transfer objects, or perform other tasks
Best used in high-production processes requiring repeated routines where they prevent other hazards to employees
Robots may create hazards themselves. If they do, appropriate guards must be used. The most common technique is to use perimeter guarding with interlocked gates.
The American National Standards Institute (ANSI) safety standard for industrial robots, ANSI/RIA R , presents certain basic requirements for protecting the worker. However, when a robot is used in a workplace, the employer should accomplish a comprehensive operational safety and health hazard analysis and then implement an effective safeguarding system which is fully responsive to the situation. [Various effective safeguarding techniques are described in ANSI B (R1997).]
Studies in Sweden and Japan indicate that many robot accidents did not occur under normal operating conditions, but rather during programming, program touch-up, maintenance, repair, testing, setup, or adjustment. During these operations, workers may temporarily be within the robot’s working envelope where unintended operation could result in injuries.

31. Protective Shields
These do not give complete protection from machine hazards, but do provide some protection from flying particles, splashing cutting oils, or coolants.
Miscellaneous aids, such as these, do not give complete protection from machine hazards, but may provide the operator with an extra margin of safety.

32. Guarded????

33. Guarded?????

34. Subpart O - Machinery and Machine Guarding
211 - Definitions
212 - General requirements
213 - Woodworking machinery
215 - Abrasive wheel machinery
216 - Mills and calendars
217 - Mechanical power presses
218 - Forging machines
219 - Mechanical power transmission

35. General Requirements for all Machines
General Requirements for all Machines

36. (a)(1)
One or more methods of machine guarding shall be provided to protect the operator and other employees in the machine area from hazards such as those created by the point of operation, in-going nip points, rotating parts, flying chips and sparks.

37. (a)(3)(ii)
The point of operation of machines whose operation exposes an employee to injury, shall be guarded.

38. Point of Operation Guarded??

39. Point of Operation Guarding

40. Hand Tools

41. (a)(5)
When the periphery of the blades of a fan is less than seven (7) feet above the floor or working level, the blades shall be guarded. The guard shall have openings no larger than 1/2 inch.

44. (b)
Machines designed for a fixed location shall be securely anchored to prevent walking or moving.

45. Woodworking Machinery Requirements
Woodworking Machinery Requirements

46. (a)(9)
All belts, pulleys, gears, shafts, and moving parts shall be guarded in accordance with the specific requirements of

47. (b)(1)
A mechanical or electrical power control shall be provided on each machine to make it possible for the operator to cut off the power from each machine without leaving his position at the point of operation.

48. (b)(3)
On applications where injury to the operator might result if motors were to restart after power failures, provision shall be made to prevent machines from automatically restarting upon restoration of power.

49. Table Saws

50. (c)(1)
Each circular hand-fed ripsaw shall be guarded by a hood which shall completely enclose that portion of the saw above the table and that portion of the saw above the material being cut. The hood and mounting shall be arranged so that the hood will automatically adjust itself to the thickness of and remain in contact with the material being cut without considerable resistance.

51. Table Saw

52. (c)(2)
Each hand-fed circular ripsaw shall be furnished with a spreader to prevent material from squeezing the saw or being thrown back on the operator.

53. Table Saw

54. Table Saw

55. (c)(3)
Each hand-fed circular ripsaw shall be provided with non-kickback fingers or dogs so located as to oppose the thrust or tendency of the saw to pick up the material or throw it back toward the operator.

56. Dogs

57. (d)(1)
Each circular crosscut table saw shall be guarded by a hood which shall meet all the requirements of (c)(1) for hoods for circular resaws.

58. Radial Arm Saws

61. (i)(1)
All portions of the saw blade (bandsaws) shall be enclosed or guarded, except for the working portion of the blade between the bottom of the guide rolls and the table.

67. (r)(4)
The mention of specific machines in paragraphs (a) thru (q) and this paragraph (r) of this section, inclusive, is not intended to exclude other woodworking machines from the requirements that suitable guards and exhaust hoods be provided to reduce to a minimum the hazard due to the point of operation of such machines.

68. (s)(7)
All cracked saws shall be removed from service.

69. Disintegrating saw blade and parts
strike operator in the head and face
Saw blade

70. Abrasive-Wheel Machinery
Abrasive-Wheel Machinery

71. (a)(4)
Work rests shall be adjusted closely to the wheel with a maximum opening of one-eighth inch to prevent the work from being jammed between the wheel and the rest, which may cause wheel breakage.
Work Rest

72. (b)(9)
The distance between the wheel periphery and the adjustable tongue or the end of the peripheral member at the top shall never exceed one-fourth inch.
Tongue Guard

73. (d)(1)
Immediately before mounting, all wheels shall be closely inspected and sounded by the user (ring test) to make sure they have not been damaged.

76. Tech Guide available @ www.oshainfo.gatech.edu

77. Mechanical Power-Transmission Apparatus
Mechanical Power-Transmission Apparatus

80. (b)(1)
Flywheels located so that any part is 7 feet or less above the floor or platform shall be guarded.
Wherever flywheels are above working areas, guards shall be installed having sufficient strength to hold the weight of the flywheel in the event of a shaft or wheel mounting failure.

81. (c)
Horizontal, vertical, and inclined shafting must be enclosed.
Projecting shaft ends shall present a smooth edge and end and shall not project more than 1/2 the diameter of the shaft unless guarded by non rotating cap or safety sleeves.

85. (d)
Pulleys 7ft. or less above the floor or platform must be guarded.
Pulleys with cracks or pieces broken out of rims shall not be used.

88. k