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A Broken World (Europe: 1920s & 30s) I.Intro II.Italy A.Mussolini III.Germany A.Weimar Republic 1.Inflation 2.Hitler’s Rise B.Dawes Plan C.Nazis in Power 1.Economics 2.Anti-Semitism Key Terms Fascist Reforms Beer Hall Putsch Mein Kampf New Economic Policy Nuremberg Laws Final Solution
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Italy Journalist & reformer: Fascist Leader Chaos in Italy after WWI; he came to power Following a military coup, became Italy’s leader: 1922-43 Benito Mussolini (1883-1945)
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Black Shirts (Mussolini’s Personal Military Squad)
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Fascist Propaganda Mussolini’s headquarters in Rome; his face is larger than life (si = Italian for “yes”)
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Once In Office… (“Buy Italian Campaign” shows Nationalism)
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Fascist Reforms (1920s) 1.Lateran Pact-(between Pope & Mussolini) made Catholicism the state religion. 2.Broad system of public works projects (jobs). 3.All opposition was crushed. 4.Women were encouraged to have large families & discouraged from work outside the home.
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Germany (1920-33) Weimar Republic Name of Germany’s government after WWI. It was a republic (people could elect representatives) but allowed for a Dictatorship in a crisis. It was very unstable & unpopular (Versailles Treaty).
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Germany’s Great Inflation (1920s) 1914: 4 Marks = $1 US 1921: 65 Marks = $1 US 9/1923: 9 million Marks = $1 US 11/1923: 4 trillion Marks = $1 US Germany had to pay the cost of WWI.
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The children show how it took 100,000 Marks to make $1 US when the picture was taken
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Germany’s Great Inflation (1920s) Germany had to pay the cost of WWI. 1914: 4 Marks = $1 US 1921: 65 Marks = $1 US 9/1923: 9 million Marks = $1 US 11/1923: 4 trillion Marks = $1 US
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Cycle: Reparations & Loans Germans struggled to make reparations payments British & French struggled to repay loans to US Solution: Dawes Plan
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Dawes Plan (1924) US Plan US loaned about $2.6 billion to Germany Germany paid about $2.4 billion in reparations to the British & French French & British repaid $2.4 billion in loans to US from WWI US Stock Market Crash (1929) influences worldwide economic depression
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Adolf Hitler’s Rise Born in Austria Struggled as an artist WWI gave him focus; he was injured (1889-1945)
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Nazi Party While working for army he was hired to investigate radical groups Ended up joining Nazi Party Party membership grew TEMENDOUSLY
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Beer Hall Putsch (1923) Hitler attempted to seize power He failed & spent one year in prison
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Mein Kampf (My Struggle) 1.Re-build German army 2.Re-unification of all German-speaking people 3.Living-space: Expand German territory in (eastern Europe) 4.Teutonic Race was master race
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Hitler Assumes Power As economy worsened, Nazi party gained support In 1933 Hitler was named Chancellor Nazi Election Poster An attack in February allowed Hitler to suspend civil liberties
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Reichstag Fire, February 1933 (Following this, Hitler was given dictatorial powers)
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New Economic Policy (1930s) 1.MASSIVE Public Works programs; highway system, etc. –1932-6 million unemployed –1934-2.7 million unemployed 2.Social welfare programs provided aid to families 3.Massive build-up of German military Hitler Opening Volkswagen Factory
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Nuremberg Laws (1930s) 1.German-Jews were robbed of citizenship & were fired from government jobs. 2.Sex & marriage between Jews & non-Jews was outlawed. Goal : Pass (Nuremburg) laws so Jews leave the country. Sign: Do Not Buy From Jews
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Anti-Semitism (A Jewish-owned business was bombed: 1938)
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Hitler’s Final Solution Developed 12/7/41- extermination of all Jews
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WWII & Holocaust (Links To Maus) Maus Vol. I, page 82 The “Noose Tightens” 1939: Concentrate Jews Ghettos of Poland 12/41: Final Solution is developed = extermination of all Jews
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Holocaust & Hitler’s “Final Solution” 6 million Jews; worldwide Jewish population of 15 million Other victims included: 3.7 million Soviets POWs; homosexuals, disabled, gypsies, & others 12,000/day at Auschwitz Maus Vol. II, page 41
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A Broken World (Europe: 1920s & 30s) I.Intro II.Italy A.Mussolini III.Germany A.Weimar Republic 1.Inflation 2.Hitler’s Rise B.Dawes Plan C.Nazis in Power 1.Economics 2.Anti-Semitism Key Terms Fascist Reforms Beer Hall Putsch Mein Kampf New Economic Policy Nuremberg Laws Final Solution
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