1. Africa

2. Overview Background Culture and Religion Economic and Social Issues Politics and Government

3. Africa: Overview Video

4. African People Negroids Caucasoids

5. NegroidsNegroids – 70% of population CaucasoidsCaucasoids – Arabs, Berbers, Europeans African People

6. African Culture Family Importance Family Importance Marriage and Procreation Marriage and Procreation Women Women Arts and Music Arts and Music

7. African Culture Family Importance Family Importance – The most important social unit – Identity is first based on the extended family, then the clan, and then the ethnic group

8. African Culture Extended family expectations Extended family expectations – Clear roles – Expected to share resources, hospitality, food, etc.

9. African Culture Marriage and Procreation Marriage and Procreation – Children represent the bond between their parent’s families – The number of children is a source of pride and prestige Represent continued flow of life Represent continued flow of life Children also valued as a source of labor when necessary Children also valued as a source of labor when necessary

10. African Culture Women Women – Perform most domestic tasks; care for children, sick and elderly; grow and harvest food – Traditionally limited access to education and subservient to men by custom or law – Status improving in most communities

11. Art and Music Art and Music – Originally created to record historical events or religious purposes Masks, statues, pottery, baskets, jewelry, and clothing Masks, statues, pottery, baskets, jewelry, and clothing – African music has influenced music around the world African Culture

12. African Religion Christianity - most practicedChristianity - most practiced IslamIslam Traditional BeliefsTraditional Beliefs Small Jewish communitiesSmall Jewish communities

13. Africa is a continent with vast potential wealth in terms of its people and its natural resources, yet Africa is the most underdeveloped region of the world.Economics

14. Economics Many traditional jobsMany traditional jobs –Fishing –Herding – Hunting, and gathering

15. Economics Large city migrationLarge city migration

16. High unemploymentHigh unemployment 1/2 of Africans live on <$1 Per day1/2 of Africans live on <$1 Per dayEconomics

17. Social Issues Critical Health ProblemsCritical Health Problems – Ebola, tuberculosis, malaria, cholera, measles, guinea worm

18. Africa has 12% of the world population, but in 2006, had 63% of the world’s HIV/AIDS cases – 2.1 million AIDS deaths in Sub-Saharan Africa represent 72% of global AIDS deaths – 1 in 5 adults in Zimbabwe have HIV Half of population suffer from malaria –A child dies every 30 seconds from malaria –Single leading cause of death for children under 5yrs Realities of Africa’s Health Situation

19. Unsanitary Conditions – Less than 50% have safe drinking water ¼ population undernourished – War and famine – Susceptible to disease Lack of funding for preventative health care and medicine What are some reasons for Africa’s devastating health situation?

20. Health, the Environment, and the Impact of War Immense amounts of money is spent to conduct war…. Every $1 spent for war is $1 not spent on health and infrastructure Children are abused by war – Child warriors by force – As young as seven

21. Health, the Environment, and the Impact of War The continent also has serious environmental problems such as deforestation and desertification, which is rapidly expanding on a continent that already has substantial desertsThe continent also has serious environmental problems such as deforestation and desertification, which is rapidly expanding on a continent that already has substantial deserts It results from poor land management: productive land that was over cultivated, overgrazed, clear-cut or over irrigatedIt results from poor land management: productive land that was over cultivated, overgrazed, clear-cut or over irrigated Drought also contributes to the problemDrought also contributes to the problem

22. Health, the Environment, and the Impact of War Oil extraction in a number of African countries pollutes the African environment International corporations contract with African countries allowing them to transfer toxic waste to Africa Commercial mining also disfigures the African landscape – Ore and other minerals are extracted, often leaving contaminated and unusable land

23. Politics and Government In the 1950s, and throughout the ’60s and ’70s, the African struggle for independence and democracy intensified By the end of the twentieth century, Africa had become 53 independent countries

24. Politics and Government Why has it been so difficult for many African countries to achieve political stability? Impact from the European slave trade Legacy of the colonial period Colonial rule was authoritarian Problems with boundaries Countries produced few or no products to export Corruption, often backed by the military Many countries warring with their neighbors

25. Africa is of strategic importance to the rest of the world for several reasons – It sits squarely in the middle of three of the most important trade routes— the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, and the Mediterranean Sea – Vast energy resources, and most of the minerals essential for industrial development – 1/3 of all votes within the General Assembly of the United Nations World Affairs

26. Africa is also important for economic reasons – Oil, minerals – Europe-Asia Africa also has many close ties to the U.S. – 13% of U.S. population is of African descent World Affairs

27. Africa is now seeking assistance from the rest of the developed world in three critical areas – First, debt forgiveness to remove a major constraint on Africa’s economic development – Second, aid, such as loans and technical assistance, to deal with problems related to education, health, and the environment – Third, increased foreign direct investment and trade to fund infrastructure and industry World Affairs

28. Summary Background Culture and Religion Economic and Social Issues Politics and Government

29. Questions?

30. Student Presentations and DiscussionAfrica

31. Politics and Government – Student Presentations – DiscussionAfrica

32. Politics and Government – Student Presentations – DiscussionAfrica

33. Economics – Student Presentations – DiscussionAfrica

34. Economics – Student Presentations – DiscussionAfrica

35. Health, the Environment, and the Impact of War – Student Presentations – DiscussionAfrica

36. Health, the Environment, and the Impact of War – Student Presentations – DiscussionAfrica

37. Social and Cultural Issues – Student Presentations – DiscussionAfrica

38. Social and Cultural Issues – Student Presentations – DiscussionAfrica

39. Continental and World Affairs – Student Presentations – DiscussionAfrica

40. Continental and World Affairs – Student Presentations – DiscussionAfrica

41. QuestionsAfrica