1. Use of infinitive Pol Obach & Henry Stassart

2. What is an infinitive? An infinitive is formed from a verb but doesn’t act as one. It acts as a noun, adjective or adverb It can be made up of to + verb: to walk, to talk, to think, to listen… or simply the verb: walk, talk, think, listen… Words that are formed from verbs but don’t act as verbs are called verbals (infinitive, gerund and participle)

3. Functions of infinitives To indicate the purpose or intention of an action ► She's gone to collect her paycheck ►The three bears went into the forest to find firewood As the subject of the sentence ► To be or not to be, that is the question ► To know her is to love her With nouns or pronouns, to indicate what something can be used for, or what is to be done with it ► Would you like something to drink? ► I haven't anything to wear

4. Use of infinitives After adjectives in these patterns: It is + adjective + to + infinitive ► It is good to talk It is + adjective + infinitive + for someone + to-infinitive. ► It is hard for elephants to see mice It is + adjective + infinitive + of someone + to-infinitive ► It is unkind of her to say that After an adjective + noun when a comment or judgment is being made ► This is the right thing to do.

5. Use of infinitives With too and enough in these patterns: Too much/many (+ noun) + to-infinitive ► There's too much sugar to put in this bowl. Too + adjective + to-infinitive ► This soup is too hot to eat. Too + adverb + to-infinitive ►He arrived too late to see the actors. Enough (+ noun) + to-infinitive ►I've had enough (food) to eat.

6. Use of infinitives Adjective + enough + to-infinitive ► She's old enough to make up her own mind. Not enough (+noun) + to-infinitive ► There isn't enough snow to ski on. Not + adjective + enough + to-infinitive ► You're not old enough to have grand-children!

7. Exercises

8. Write the infinitive VerbInfinitive Ran Cycling Surfs Dyed Thought Knitted Whistles Run Cycle Dye Surf Teach Knit Whistle

9. Join together the following sentences by using infinitives. He did not have even a penny with him. He could not buy a loaf of bread. ► He did not have even a penny with him to buy a loaf of bread He went to the market. He wanted to buy some vegetables ► He went to the market to buy some vegetables. He collects old stamps. It is his hobby. ► It is his hobby to collect old stamps. He has five children. He must provide for them ► He has five children to provide for. I speak the truth. I am not afraid of it. ► I am not afraid to speak the truth.

10. Infinitive or Gerund On 17th February 2003, a congestion charge for _______ in central London was introduced. The aim was_________ the number of vehicles in London's City. People now have the choice between _______ the charge and not _______ into the City. According to an opinion poll, more than 50 percent of Londoners say that it is okay _________ people for ________ into the City. The charge has proven very successful in _______ away traffic from the City. driving (drive) (reduce) to reduce driving (drive) (pay) paying to charge (charge) driving (drive) turnng (turin)

11. Thank you for your attention