1. Max J. Pfeffer Development Sociology Department Cornell University Immigration and Community Development

2. Foreign-Born Population, New York State, 1900-2006 Source: Kevin Jack, New York State Data Center

3. Growth in Foreign-Born Population, 2000-2006 Source: Kevin Jack, New York State Data Center

4. Foreign-Born Population, by State, 2006 Most Foreign-BornNumber (millions)Rank California9.901 New York4.082 Texas3.743 Florida3.434 Illinois1.775 Largest SharePercentRank California27.2%1 New York21.62 New Jersey20.13 Nevada19.14 Florida18.95 Source: Kevin Jack, New York State Data Center

5. Foreign-Born Population, New York State, 2006 LocationNumberPercent New York City3,000,00037% Downstate Suburbs740,00018 Upstate340,0005 Total New York State4,080,00021 Source: Fiscal Policy Institute, A Profile of Immigrants in the New York State Economy,2008

6. The Foreign-Born Population Is Concentrated in the NYC Area and Is Increasing, But it Is Also Important and Increasing in the Rural Periphery Paul Eberts, Department of Development Sociology, Cornell University

7. Source: New York State Association of Counties. 2007. The Population Shuffle: The Latest Census Population Estimates and How They Impact Our Counties. June. http://www.nysac.org/Policy_and_Research/Reports.phphttp://www.nysac.org/Policy_and_Research/Reports.php (accessed June 20, 2008).

8. Source: Mize, Ronald L. et al., “Latino In-Migration among Counties in Decline.” Rural New York Minute, 31/2009, Community and Rural Development Institute, Cornell University.

10. I want to stay here because of my son; he has more opportunities here to study, to learn another language, to make a career much better than in Mexico ( woman with 2 year old son ).

11. Foreign Born Children by Year of Entry to the U.S. and Children Born to Foreign Born Parents by Year of Birth, Upstate NY American Community Survey, 2006

12. Immigrant Children U.S., New York and Upstate How many immigrant children are there? 73+ million children living in households 70+ million are native born 13+ are native born to a foreign born parent (9.7 million are native born with both parents foreign born) 3+ million are foreign born 16+ million immigrant children in the U.S. (22% of all children 1.5 million immigrant children in New York (32% of all children) 138K immigrant children Upstate (9% of all children) Source: American Community Survey, 2006

13. Educational Attainment of Parents with Children, United States, New York and Upstate Source: American Community Survey, 2006

14. Top Occupations of Foreign-Born Residents, Upstate, 2004 OccupationNumberShare of Occupation Physical Scientists2,20041% Physicians and Surgeons6,30035 Computer Software Engineers3,20020 College and University Professors10,00020 Other Engineers2,00013 Total Immigrants Reporting an Occupation227,400-- Source: Fiscal Policy Institute, A Profile of Immigrants in the New York State Economy,2008

15. Are Immigrants an Asset or Burden? New York and Upstate, 2008 Source: Max J. Pfeffer and Pilar A. Parra, Empire State Poll 2008, Cornell University

16. New Yorkers’ Perceptions of Immigrants The language barriers are a major problem …some newcomers can’t read English nor Spanish …this new population that comes in is very different,..they have the reputation as hard working, family folks Source: Max J. Pfeffer and Pilar A. Parra, “Immigrants and the Community: Community Perspectives”, Department of Development Sociology, Cornell University, October 2005.

17. English Language Ability of Foreign-Born Children and Parents, New York Source: American Community Survey, 2006

18. What can be done? Nongovernmental civic organizations, employers, schools, and churches can support English language training for immigrants English language training should be integrated with efforts to introduce immigrants to other community members Communities can encourage civic engagement that includes immigrants Create opportunities for immigrants to develop social ties to other community residents

19. A Community Model of Immigrant Integration English Ability →→→→ Social and Economic ↑ Success ↑ Friendship ← ------ → Civic Engagement

20. Max J. Pfeffer Cornell University Department of Development Sociology and Community and Rural Development Institute mjp5@cornell.edu mjp5@cornell.edu http://devsoc.cals.cornell.edu Thank you

22. Community Support for English Language Training, New York and Upstate Source: Max J. Pfeffer and Pilar A. Parra, Empire State Poll 2008, Cornell University

23. Legal Status of the Foreign-Born Population in 2005 Source: Jeffrey Passel, Pew Hispanic Center, 2006

24. States Enacting Immigration Related Legislation in 2007 (N=46) Source: National Conference of State Legislatures 2008

25. State Immigration-Related Legislation, 2007 Source : National Conference of State Legislatures 2008

26. Proposed Ordinances Specifically Regulating Immigrants or Relations with Immigrants Since 2006 Content of OrdinanceOrdinance RestrictiveSupportive Employer Sanctions45-- Sanctions Against Landlords31-- English as Official Language 28-- Police Support Immigration Authorities 255 Restrictions on Day Labor 9-- Other718 Total14523 Source: Web Search by Pilar A. Parra and Michelle Leveillee, April 2008

27. Language Other Than English Spoken at Home by Immigrant Children, United States, New York and Upstate United States Spanish (72%) Chinese (2.3%) Vietnamese (2.0%) French (1.7%) Korean Arabic (1.5%) New York 1. Spanish (56%) 2. Yiddish (5%) 3. Chinese (5%) 4. Russian (3%) 5. Hebrew, French (2%) Upstate 1. Spanish (48%) 2. French (7%) 3. Yiddish (4%) 4. Russian (4%) 5. German (3%) American Community Survey, 2006