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Demographic Trends Affecting Cities Immigration
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Outline Trends Implications for cities City employment Checklist for cities Information resources
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Trends Rate of immigration is growing in MN 15,456 arrivals in 2005 17 th among US states in immigration Immigrants admitted with MN as intended state of residence US Dept of Homeland Security
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Trends MN immigrants are diverse Fast growing group: 2 in every 5 immigrants were from Africa in 2005 Place of birth for MN foreign-born population, U.S. Census 2000
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Trends Immigrants come to MN for multiple reasons (2000 Census): 63% came to join family members 16% came to work 12% came as refugees MN leads the nation in the largest percentage of immigrants who are refugees or admitted through family reunification sponsorship
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Trends Immigrants have settled across the state Large concentrations of immigrants live in: St. Paul and Minneapolis; Suburbs; and Rural communities with food processing plants
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Trends Immigrants in MN have been attracted to jobs in: Manufacturing Hospitality Construction Food processing Agriculture
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Trends Compared to immigrants of the late 19 th & early 20 th centuries, today’s immigrants are: Learning English faster; Less likely to return to their country of origin
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Trends Immigrants will become the largest source of new workers 20% of new workers entering the US labor force between 2002-2012 will be Latino (Bureau of Labor Statistics) MN has the highest Latino labor force participation rate in the county
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Implications for Cities A majority of MN cities over 1,500 population are experiencing community changes due to immigration (2007 LMC survey) 12% “to a great degree” 54% “to some degree” 34% reported no immigration–related changes
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Implications for Cities: 2007 survey findings Main diversity issues: Communication; Cultural differences; Housing; and Lack of community integration Barriers in addressing: Lack of money; Lack of will/ commitment from city officials & staff; Lack of time; Communication & cultural differences; Unsure of how to proceed; and Limited staff capacity
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Implications for Cities Other challenges: Undocumented immigrants false identification or shared documents Overcrowding in housing Illegal parking of too many vehicles General code compliance Language barriers Costs incurred in building multilingual staff or for interpretive services
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Implications for Cities The League’s cultural diversity work found 4 main reasons for cities to build ethnic & cultural diversity: 1)Civic responsibility 2)Economic development 3)Loss control 4)Community harmony
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Implications for Cities Civic responsibility City officials are elected and appointed to: ensure that residents received quality city services; engage them in the city government process; and to lead the community in setting and achieving a shared vision of the future.
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Implications for Cities Economic development Ethnic populations contribute significantly to the economic base of MN communities An estimated $6 billion in buying power Provide a stable workforce Are engaged in entrepreneurship and job creation
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Implications for Cities Loss control Cities face serious liability issues for noncompliance with civil rights laws Cities must be aware of liability risks and work to reduce them
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Implications for Cities Community harmony Existing residents likely have expectations about assimilation of newcomers City leadership should encourage “bilateral assimilation:” Both long-term residents and newcomers modify behaviors and expectations to accommodate each other
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City Employment: Challenges Younger generations of immigrant populations tend to be larger than the older generations Retiring city staff are likely to be replaced by new immigrants Immigrants may be hesitant to apply for city employment
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City Employment: Challenges 2000 Census
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City Employment: Opportunities Cities need to reach out and recruit in culturally sensitive and nontraditional ways Need for training in cultural competence to city employees working for and with diverse populations
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Checklist for Cities What is the projected future ethnic makeup of our community How do we work with the state to understand future refugee populations How much do we know about who currently lives in our community Particular ethnic groups What brought them here Where they are living
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Checklist for Cities How does each immigrant group feel about our community Do we know who the leaders or liaisons of immigrant populations are Do we have strategies for reaching these communities What is our outreach plan
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Checklist for Cities Is city staff trained to respond successfully to new residents Language barriers Are our city codes creating unique issues with immigrant populations
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Checklist for Cities Are we finding ways to encourage these populations to become engaged with our community What type of messages do city officials send about welcoming newcomers What is the human rights violation process available to members of ethnic populations
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Checklist for Cities: Civic Engagement What do we know about the culture from which they came and how that affects their view of city government View of law enforcement Are members of newcomer groups willing to cooperate with law enforcement
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Checklist for Cities: City Employment Are ethnic populations represented in our city workforce Do they apply for positions Have we taken any steps to affirmatively recruit and retain ethnic employees Is our city staff trained in intercultural competency and able to reduce workplace conflict
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Resources U.S. Census Bureau http://www.census.gov/http://www.census.gov/ Professor Katherine Fennelly, Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, UMN Professor Richard Alba, SUNY – Albany Professor Victor Nee, Cornell University National Research Council Social Security Administration Tom Stinson, Minnesota State Economist Tom Gillapsy, Minnesota Demographer
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