The Civil Rights Movement

The Civil Rights Movement

Origins Of The Movement
The Civil Rights Movement Origins Of The Movement Executive Order 9981 Destabilization of the racial system during WWII Mass migration out of the segregated South The Cold war and rise of independent states in the Third World Mendez v. Westminster Brown v. Board of Education

K-W-L - The Civil Rights Movement
What I Know About the CRM What I Want to Learn About the CRM What I Learned About the CRM

Small Group Activity Timeline Construction Directions: Using the supplied poster board, construct a Civil Rights Timeline Include the following: Minimum TEN key events Minimum Ten key personalities Provide a brief description of each Hypothesis: Write a one-page summary where you hypothesize which event you believe had the biggest impact on the Civil Rights Movement. This is just a hypothesis. Make an argument why you believe what you believe.

Small Group Activity: The 14th Amendment
Historical Context: The 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution is the most used and cited amendment in litigation in the court system. It forces all states to give equal protection under the law to all citizens of the United States and forbids the states from infringing on these federal rights. Directions: Analyze Primary Source Documents Construct Data Table Summarize Impact on society ***Requires 14th Amendment Learning Packet

The 14th Amendment

The Brown Case The Civil Rights Movement 1954
Landmark Case 1954 For many, acknowledged as the Supreme Courts greatest decision. Overturned Plessy v Ferguson (1890) Held that racial segregation against children in public schools violated the Equal Protection clause of the 14th Amendment Galvanized the Civil Rights Movement

The Brown Case

Brown Case

The Brown Case TTYN: What was the Plessey v. Ferguson decision? What Was Going On In 1954, large portions of the United States had racially segregated schools, segregated public facilities were constitutional so long as the black and white facilities were equal to each other. NAACP lawyers brought class action lawsuits on behalf of black schoolchildren and their families in Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, and Delaware, seeking court orders to compel school districts to let black students attend white public schools.

The Brown Case What Was Going On One of these class actions, Brown v. Board of Education was filed against the Topeka, Kansas school board by representative-plaintiff Oliver Brown, parent of one of the children denied access to Topeka's white schools. Claimed that that Topeka's racial segregation violated the Constitution's Equal Protection Clause because the city's black and white schools were not equal to each other and never could be.

The Brown Case The federal district court dismissed his claim, ruling that the segregated public schools were "substantially" equal enough to be constitutional under the Plessy doctrine. Brown appealed to the Supreme Court, which consolidated and then reviewed all the school segregation actions together. Thurgood Marshall, who would in 1967 be appointed the first black justice of the Court, was chief counsel for the plaintiffs.

The Brown Case Thanks to the astute leadership of Chief Justice Earl Warren, the Court spoke in a unanimous decision written by Warren himself. The decision held that racial segregation of children in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which states that "no state shall make or enforce any law which shall ... deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

The Brown Case Public education in the 20th century, said the Court, had become an essential component of a citizen's public life, forming the basis of democratic citizenship, normal socialization, and professional training. In this context, any child denied a good education would be unlikely to succeed in life. Widespread racial integration of the South was achieved by the late 1960s and 1970s.

The Brown Case The equal protection ruling in Brown would spill over into other areas of the law and into the political arena as well. Many scholars now point out that Brown v. Board was not the beginning of the modern civil rights movement, but there is no doubt that it constituted a watershed moment in the struggle for racial equality in America.

Thematic Question Historical Context:
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) is one of the most significant cases in the history of the United States Supreme Court. In this case the Supreme Court ruled that “in the field of public education the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place. Separate educational facilities are inherently unequal.” This decision influenced government policies and American society throughout the 20th century. Write a one-page summary where you discuss the impact of the Brown v. Board of Education decision on government policies and/or American society

Emmett Till His Crime The Civil Rights Movement
“The horrific death of a Chicago teenager helped spark the civil rights movement” In August 1955, a fourteen year old boy went to visit relatives near Money, Mississippi. His Crime When he showed some local boys a picture of a white girl who was one of his friends back home and bragged that she was his girlfriend, one of them said, "Hey, there's a [white] girl in that store there. I bet you won't go in there and talk to her.” Emmett went in and bought some candy. As he left, he said "Bye baby" to Carolyn Bryant, the wife of the store owner.

Emmett Till Although they were worried at first about the incident, the boys soon forgot about it. A few days later, two men came to the cabin of Mose Wright, Emmett's uncle, in the middle of the night. Roy Bryant, the owner of the store, and J.W. Milam, his brother-in-law, drove off with Emmett. Three days later, Emmett Till's body was found in the Tallahatchie River. One eye was gouged out, and his crushed-in head had a bullet in it. The corpse was nearly unrecognizable; Mose Wright could only positively identify the body as Emmett's because it was wearing an initialed ring.

Emmett Till At first, local whites as well as blacks were horrified by the crime. Bryant and Milam were arrested for kidnapping even before Emmett's body was found The Emmett Till case quickly attracted national attention.

Emmett Till Mamie Bradley, Emmett's mother, asked that the body be shipped back to Chicago. Then, she insisted on an open-casket funeral, so that "all the world [could] see what they did to my son." Over four days, thousands of people saw Emmett's body. Many more blacks across the country who might not have otherwise heard of the case were shocked by pictures of the that appeared in Jet magazine.

Emmett Till TTYN: Imagine you are an African American, what would be your response to the images of Emmett Till? Whites in Mississippi resented the Northern criticism of the "barbarity of segregation" and the NAACP's labeling of the murder as a lynching. Five prominent lawyers stepped forward to defend Milam and Bryant, and officials who had at first denounced the murder began supporting the accused murderers. The two men went on trial in a segregated courthouse in Sumner, Mississippi on September 19, 1955.

Emmett Till Do Now - Prediction Time: The Verdict Insert Bob Dylan Song The Death of Emmett Till

Emmett Till: The Verdict
The Civil Rights Movement Emmett Till: The Verdict The prosecution had trouble finding witnesses willing to testify against the two men. At that time in Mississippi, it was unheard of for a black to publicly accuse a white of committing a crime. Finally, Emmett's sixty-four year old uncle Mose Wright stepped forward. When asked if he could point out the men who had taken his nephew that dark summer night, he stood, pointed to Milam and Bryant, and said "Dar he" -- "There he is." Wright's bravery encouraged other blacks to testify against the two defendants. All had to be hurried out of the state after their testimony.

Emmett Till: The Verdict
The Civil Rights Movement Emmett Till: The Verdict In the end, however, even the incredible courage of these blacks did not make a difference. Defense attorney John C. Whitten told the jurors in his closing statement, "Your fathers will turn over in their graves if [Milam and Bryant are found guilty] and I'm sure that every last Anglo-Saxon one of you has the courage to free these men in the face of that [outside] pressure." The jurors listened to him. They deliberated for just over an hour, then returned a "not guilty" verdict on September 23rd, the 166th anniversary of the signing of the Bill of Rights.

The Two Phases of the Civil Rights Movement
Phase One: The Non-Violent phase Phase Two: The Black Power phase

Phase One: The Non-Violent phase
The Civil Rights Movement Phase One: The Non-Violent phase

Small Group Activity CSI: Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott

Montgomery Bus Boycott
C.S.I. Montgomery Bus Boycott

What is Included CSI Case: Rosa Parks & Montgomery Bus Boycott
Plenty of Primary Sources Rosa Parks and Montgomery Bus Boycott PowerPoint DBQ

Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott
CASE FILE The Montgomery Bus Boycott was a year long effort by blacks in Montgomery, AL to end segregation on city buses by boycotting the vehicles. Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott CLASSIFIED

Activity Directions Work Cooperatively Read each document thoroughly
Use your Think Marks Complete handout - “Detective Log” Complete handout - “Questions to Consider” Individually, complete a one-page summary Have Fun!!!

Detective Log See Handout Document A Document B
Who authored the document? When was the document authored? What type of document? Who was the audience for the document? Why was it created? Who was the aggressor in the incident according to the document? Document A Document B See Handout

Document A

Document B NEGRO BOYCOTT FIGHTS COLOR LINE ON BUSES: Woman Fined in Row Over Segregation Chicago Daily Tribune ( ); Dec 6, 1955;

Document C AIR RIFLE IS FIRED AT BUS IN DISPUTE OVER SEGREGATION
Chicago Daily Tribune ( ); Dec 7, 1955;

Document D BUS BOYCOTT CONTINUES: Alabama Line Rejects Negro Demands on Seating New York Times (1923-Current file); Dec 10, 1955;

Document E

Document F Image: They Walked To Freedom Montgomery Advertiser, 1956

Questions to Consider What questions did you ask while evaluating these sources? On what points do the accounts agree? On what points do the accounts differ? Which of these sources aligns most closely with what you already knew about Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott? How so? Which of these sources is most reliable in determining what actually happened during the Civil Rights Movement and the Montgomery Bus Boycott? Why do you think so? Describe the difficulties in developing an accurate account of historical events such as the Montgomery Bus Boycott? If you were asked to write your own historical account of the events that occurred during the Montgomery Bus Boycott, how would you go about doing so?

Cracking the Case Based on your analysis of the documents and citing evidence to support your answer, please write a two-page summary, which answers the following questions: how did the arrest of Rosa Parks and the subsequent Montgomery Bus Boycott represent the struggle of African Americans throughout the South, what was the initial response from the plotical leaders of the South, what was the response from the U.S. Government?

Civil Rights Leader - Rosa Parks

Rosa Parks Who Was Rosa Parks?
She was born 4th February 1913, in Tuskegee, Alabama. She grew up on a farm with her brother, mother and grandparents. She worked as a seamstress after she left school. Worked as a housekeeper for better-off white families Worked as a secretary at the NAACP “She [Rosa Parks] is very quiet, determined, brave, and frugal, not all sophisticated and very churchgoing and orthodox in most of her thinking” – Virginia Foster (white woman who Rosa Parks worked for)

Standing Up For Her Rights and Sitting Down For Justice
Preparation: From Baton Rouge to Montgomery June, 1953 – Blacks in Baton Rouge conducted a weeklong boycott of city buses. Boycott cost Baton Rouge 1600/day Result: Front Row for whites, long backseat for blacks, and open seating on the rest.

Standing Up For Her Rights and Sitting Down For Justice
Preparation: On 1st December 1955 after coming home from a hard days work, Rosa was sitting on the bus when the bus driver ordered her to give up her seat to a white man, who couldn’t find a seat in the “white section” of the bus. “I knew I had the strength of my ancestors with me.” -Rosa Parks “..some of us must bear the burden of trying to save the soul of America” - Martin Luther King Dropped her dime in the box and boarded the yellow-olive city bus; took an aisle seat in the racially neutral middle section, behind the movable sign which read “colored.” She was not expecting and problems, as there were several empty spaces at the white-only front of the bus. Next two stops enough white passengers go on to nearly fill up the front section. Third stop, the seats filled and the bus driver turned and demanded that ALL four blacks get up from their seats…Jim Crow laws dictated that a white man could sit parallel with him. All but Parks relinquished their seats

A Montgomery (Ala.) Sheriff's Department booking photo of Rosa Parks

Rosa Parks is fingerprinted by Dep. Sheriff D. H
Rosa Parks is fingerprinted by Dep. Sheriff D.H. Lackey in Montgomery, Ala., on Feb. 22, 1956, two months after she refused to give up her seat on a bus for a white passenger. Her action prompted the Montgomery bus boycott and sparked the civil rights movement.

"Are you going to stand up?" the bus driver, James Blake, asked.
"No," she answered. "Well, by God," the driver replied, "I'm going to have you arrested." "You may do that," Mrs Parks responded.

Rosa Parks – NAACP Test Case….Would it work?
TTYN: Why, if we are to believe that Rosa Parks had no intention to make headlines or history, did she refuse to stand up? “Just having paid for a seat and riding for only a couple blocks and then having to stand was too much.” “These other persons had go on the bus after I dud. It meant that I didn’t have a right to do anything but get on the bus, give them my fare, and then be pushed wherever they wanted me….there had to be a stopping place, and this seemed to have been the place for me to stop being pushed around and to find out what human right I had, if any.” Rosa Parks – NAACP Test Case….Would it work?

December 2, 1955 Montgomery Advertiser Headline “Negro Jailed for ‘Overlooking’ Bus Segregation”

The Montgomery Bus Boycott
TTYN: What does boycott mean? Boycott means: to refuse to buy something or to take part in something as a way of protesting. By boycotting the buses they hoped to change the laws of segregation. The buses depended on African-Americans to keep their business running.

A one-day boycott to thirteen months Boycott lasted 381 days More than 30K African Americans participated Indictments followed, including King. 1921 Law – Boycotts illegal w/o just cause

Major concerns prior to the boycott Would enough black Montgomerians actually walk to work to make an impact? Would enough whites support their actions? What if violence broke out? Intimidation escalates Bombing, including King’s home Black Churches targeted

A King is Born She inspired Rev. Martin Luther King and others to protest for equal rights in America. The Montgomery Bus Boycott led to the mantle of leadership bestowed on MLK Before the Montgomery Speech, MLK was a relative unknown, but he would emerge as the nation’s greatest and most enduring civil rights leader.

A King is Born “Since it had to happen, I’m happy it happened to a person like Rosa Parks, for nobody can doubt the boundless outreach of her character, nobody can doubt the depth of her Christian commitment. But there comes a time that people get tired. We are here this evening to say to those who have mistreated us so long that we are tired –tired of being segregated and humiliated; tired of being kicked about by the brutal feet of oppression. We have no alternative but to protest. For many years we have shown amazing patience. We have sometimes given out white brothers the feeling that we liked the way we were being treated. But we come here tonight to be saved from the patience that makes us patient with anything less than freedom and justice.”

Success! The boycott ended when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the segregation laws on Alabama’s buses were not legal. African- Americans walking to work, boycotting the buses. “Our weapons are protest and love. We are going to fight until we take the heart out of Dixie.” - MLK

Success! Why the Montgomery Succeeded
King’s extraordinary gift for leadership Tightly condensed layout of the city Blunders by Montgomery’s white city officials Large number of the city’s blacks who owned cars and thus didn’t have to rely on public transportation Park’s spiritual presence

Rosa Parks sits in the front of a city bus in Montgomery, Ala. on Dec
Rosa Parks sits in the front of a city bus in Montgomery, Ala. on Dec. 21, 1956, the day a Supreme Court ruling banned the segregation of the city's public transit vehicles went into effect. A year earlier, she was arrested and jailed for refusing to give up her seat on a crowded bus.

How she sat there, The time right inside a place So wrong it was ready. That trim name with Its dream on a bench To rest on. Her sensible coat. Doing nothing was the doing: The clean flame of her gaze Carved by a camera flash. How she stood up When they bent down to retrieve Her purse. That courtesy.

“I had a right” Sadly Rosa died on 24th October 2005. She will be remembered for standing up for what she believed inspiring others to change the world for better. “The real reason of my not standing up was I felt that I had a right to be treated as any other passenger.” Rosa Parks, 1992.

The Montgomery Boycott: What did we learn? The Montgomery bus boycott marked a turning point in postwar America launched the movement for racial justice as a nonviolent crusade Marked the emergence of 26 year-old Martin Luther King, Jr. Many historians consider December 1, 1955 the date that the Civil Rights Movement officially began.

The Montgomery Boycott: What did we Learn??? Boycott lasted 381 days Over 30K blacks took part Indictments followed, including King Law – Boycotts illegal w/o just cause Intimidation escalates Bombing, including King’s home Black Churches targeted After 381 days, not only could all citizens ride the buses as equals, but the boycott would affect other cities.

The Montgomery Boycott: What did we Learn???
The Civil Rights Movement The Montgomery Boycott: What did we Learn??? The Leadership of King “one hundred years later, the Negro still is not free” A master at appealing to the deep sense of injustice among blacks and t the conscience of white America Studies the writings on peaceful civil disobedience of Henry David Thoreau and Gandhi Believed that evil must be met with good, the with Christian love, and violence with peaceful demands for change Formed the SCLC (Southern Christian Leadership Conference) Coalition of black ministers and civil rights activist to press for desegregation

The Sixties: The Rising Tide of Protests
The Civil Rights Movement The Sixties: The Rising Tide of Protests Greensboro Sit-In SNCC Birmingham March On Washington Freedom Rides Selma

The Greensboro Sit-Ins
The Civil Rights Movement The Greensboro Sit-Ins Feb. 1, 1960; 4 students from NC Agricultural and Technical State Univ. Woolworth’s Demonstration spreads Lasted for 5 months Woolworth concedes and begins to serve black customers

The Greensboro Sit-Ins
The Civil Rights Movement The Greensboro Sit-Ins TTYN: What does the sit-in reflect? The sit-in reflected mounting frustration at the slow pace of racial change. The Greensboro sit-in would spark launched a decade of political activism. Demonstrations demanding integration of parks, pools, restaurants, libraries, etc. By the end of 1960m 70K demonstrations had taken part in sit-ins

Brought to you by CORE – Congress of Racial Equality

Why where the Freedom Rides evidence of a segregated South?
The When - The first Freedom Ride took place on May 4, 1961; From Washington DC…destination New Orleans, LA The Who - Seven blacks and six whites left Washington, D.C., on two public buses bound for the Deep South. The Why - Test the Supreme Court's ruling in Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which declared segregation in interstate bus and rail stations unconstitutional AND to test President Kennedy’s commitment to the Civil Rights movement

Irene Morgan v. The Commonwealth of Virginia
Boynton v. Virginia And Irene Morgan v. The Commonwealth of Virginia The How - Interracial group would board buses destined for the South. The whites would sit in the back and the blacks in the front. At rest stops, the whites would go into blacks-only areas and vice versa. The Freedom Ride left Washington DC on May 4, It was scheduled to arrive in New Orleans on May 17, the seventh anniversary of the Brown decision

The Where

The Trip - On Mother's Day, May 14, the Freedom Riders split up into two groups to travel through Alabama. The first group was met by a mob of about 200 angry people in Anniston, AL The mob stoned the bus and slashed the tires. The bus managed to get away, but when it stopped about six miles out of town to change the tires, it was firebombed. The other group did not fare any better. It was greeted by a mob in Birmingham, and the Riders were severely beaten.

The other group did not fare any better
The other group did not fare any better. It was greeted by a mob in Birmingham, and the Riders were severely beaten. Photo of Klansmen attacking a Freedom Rider at the Trailways Bus Station in Birmingham. The photo helped identify Klansmen involved in the assault.

"I think it is particularly important at this time when it has become national news that we continue and show that nonviolence can prevail over violence."

Who Am I? Rep. John Lewis

And the journey continues…..
Long Story Short – never completed their trip; however, ….. Closure - The Freedom Riders may not have finished their trip, but why was their movement an important and lasting contribution to the civil rights movement?

Lesson Addendum CSI Case Primary Sources: MLK James Peck JFK SNCC
Diane Nash Montgomery and Alabama Newspaper Supreme Court Decisions

The Freedom Rides Sit-ins sparked for the first time activism by college students as leading force for social change April 1960, Student Non-Violent Coordinating Committee formed (SNCC) “We can’t count on adults” TTYN: Identify at least two other examples where students lead the charge for social change 1961, the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) formed and organized the Freedom Rides Integrated groups traveled by bus into the Deep South Purpose: test compliance with court orders banning segregation on interstate buses and trains and in terminal facilities.

Freedom Rides: What did we learn???

Freedom Rides: What did we learn??? Violent mobs assaulted them Firebombs The Klan attacked riders ICC orders buses and terminals desegregated

Freedom Rides: What did we learn??? 1963, SNCC organized demonstration Dramatizing black discontent over inequality in education, employment, and housing MLK arrives King arrested and serves nine days in jail “Letter from Birmingham Jail” Wrote about the abuses faced by black southerners from police brutality, humiliation of having to explain to their children why they couldn’t enter amusements parks or public swimming pools.

Freedom Rides: What did we learn???
The Civil Rights Movement Freedom Rides: What did we learn??? “We have waited for more than 340 years for our constitutional and God given rights. The nations of Asia and Africa are moving with jetlike speed toward gaining political independence, but we still creep at horse and buggy pace toward gaining a cup of coffee at a lunch counter.” - MLK “Oppressed people cannot remain oppressed forever.”

Freedom Rides: What did we learn??? King makes the bold decision to send black schoolchildren into the streets of Birmingham Prediction Time – TTYN Birmingham Police unleash on the young marchers

Freedom Rides: What did we learn??? TTYN: What affect do you think the pictures and video of the Birmingham march had on the American psyche? Produced a wave of revulsion throughout the world Turned Birmingham campaign into a triumph for the civil rights movement JFK would endorse the movement’s goals Forced White America to think – did it have more in common with their fellow citizens demanding their basic rights or with violent segregationists

The Leadership of King The March on Washington August 28, 1963 Two weeks before the Birmingham church bombing 250K white and black Americans converge on the nation’s capital Considered the high point of the nonviolent civil right movement Largest demonstration at the time Calls for the passage of the Civil Rights bill Demanded a public works program to reduce unemployment “Jobs and Freedom: TTYN – Had did the black movement forge an alliance with white liberal groups? The March on Washington reflected an unprecedented degree of black-white cooperation in supports of racial and economic justice

The Leadership of King The March on Washington SNCC leader – John Lewis “free ourselves of the chains of political and economic slavery” and march “through the heart of Dixie the way Sherman did…and burn Jim Crow to the ground.” Rep. John Lewis, GA

The Leadership of King

Selma Jan., 1965, SNCC-led demonstration in Dallas County, Alabama Protesting voting rights Faced stiff resistance MLK asked to join Feb. 17, 1965 Demonstration, protester Jimmy Lee Jackson fatally shot by police

Selma The response: March 7, Protest march from Selma to Montgomery Violence erupts; teargas, beating nonviolent protesters with billy clubs and hospitalizing over 50 people “Bloody Sunday” America watches 2nd march planned. King turns march around at the seen of the last march Division between SLCC and SNCC

Selma

Kennedy And Civil Rights
The Civil Rights Movement Kennedy And Civil Rights First two years, Kennedy was preoccupied with foreign policy Initially shared Hoover’s fear that the movement was inspired by communism Wiretap’s on King and other prominent civil rights leaders Campaigned on a pledge to ban discrimination Birmingham forced his hand June, 1963 he called for the passage of a law banning discrimination in all public places

The Civil Rights Movement Kennedy And Civil Rights “We preach freedom around the world…but are we to say to the world, and much more importantly, to each other , that this is a land of the free except for Negroes?” Nov. 1063, Kennedy assassinated LBJ takes office LBJ leads the charge for the passage of the civil rights bill Launches a program of domestic liberalism

The Civil Rights Movement Kennedy And Civil Rights

The Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act
The Civil Rights Movement LBJ And Civil Rights The Civil Rights Act and Voting Rights Act TTYN: In your own words, describe what you believe the Civil Rights Act and the Voting Rights Act constitute. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 Prohibited racial discrimination in employment, institutions like hospitals and schools, and privately owned public accommodations such as restaurants, hotels, libraries, public swimming pools, and theaters. Banned discrimination on the grounds of sex The Civil Rights Act DID NOT address a major concern – Voting

LBJ And Civil Rights Voting Rights Act of 1965 Allowed federal officials to register voters Black Southerners finally regained the suffrage that had been stripped from them at the turn of the century

LBJ And Civil Rights

Phase Two: The Black Power Phase
The Civil Rights Movement Phase Two: The Black Power Phase

The Changing Black Movement
The Civil Rights Movement The Changing Black Movement Despite the passage of the Civil Rights Act, the movement confronted crisis Ghetto Uprisings Harlem 1964, angry blacks and predominantly white police (viewed as an occupying army) Watts Uprising 1965, just days after LBJ signed the Voting Rights Act 50K attacked police, firemen, looting white-owned business, and burned buildings. 15K police and National Guardsmen 35 dead 900 injured 30M damages

Ghetto Uprisings Violence and uprisings widespread – 4 corners Johnson appoints commission Causes: segregation and poverty white racism Black unemployment twice that of whites Income half

Ghetto Uprisings

The Rise of Black Power The Civil Rights Movement Malcolm X
Phase one produced a clear set of objectives and far-reaching accomplishments Malcolm X Converted in jail to the teachings of the Nation of Islam (NOI), or Black Muslims preached of white evil and black self-discipline critic of integration and nonviolence “I don’t see any American dream”, “I see an American nightmare”

The Rise of Black Power X was the intellectual father of “Black Power” SNCC leader Stokely Carmichael “Black Power” a rallying cry for those bitter over the federal gov’t failure to stop violence against civil rights workers, white attempts to determine movement strategy, and the failure of the civil rights movement to have an impact on the economic problems of black ghettos. Black Power means Black Freedom freedom from the whites who tried to restrict the movement’s goals Promoted the election of more black officials Promoted the belief that black Americans were a colonized people whose freedom could only be won through a revolutionary struggle for self-determination Slogan: Black is beautiful Abandoned the word “Negro” on favor of “Afro-American” Black Panther Party – advocated armed self-defense in response to police brutality

The Rise of Black Power

Thematic Question

Additional Thematic Question and Directions
Use what you learned throughout this unit Refer to the CRM PowerPoint Use the additional resources that we have examined Use the additional resources at the end of the PowerPoint Hint! Hint! I strongly recommend that you consider the information at the end of the PowerPoint!!!

The Civil Rights Movement

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