1. 1 PoE Plus Enabling IP convergance over twisted pair cabling

2. 2 PoE Plus Definition Standards Advantages/Drawbacks Modelling Cabling Options Benefits of higher graded Cabling

3. 3 PoE : what is it? Power over Ethernet describes any system to transmit electrical power along with data over standard twisted-pair cable in an Ethernet network. The IEEE802.3af standard provides the capability to deliver both power (max 12.95W) and data over standard ethernet Cat.3/Cat.5 cabling.

4. 4 Working principle

5. 5 USB/Firewire/PoE TechnologyUSB2 Firewire 800 (IEEE1394a) PoEPoE Plus Power transmitted (W) 54512.9525 Max length (m) 54.5100 Data Rate480 Mb/s800 Mb/s1 Gb/s10 Gb/s? connector Cross section

6. 6 Actual applications Power supply <13W  IP phone  Webcam  Wifi Accesspoint

7. 7 Future applications? Charge of a laptop Providing both power supply and internet connection in trains and planes Peripheral devices : screen, printer, home theatre… Power backup for PC Power supply for specific PC

8. 8 Examples of power consumption Power neededApplication 13-20W Wifi MIMO Biometric Access Control Thin Clients 20-30W RFID Readers Video IP Phones PTZ IP Cameras Wimax Base Stations Industrial Sensors 30-40W Workgroup switches Point of Sales Information Kiosks 40-50WUltraportable Laptops 50-70WNotebook Laptops

9. 9 Advantages Advantages :  Only one cable to carry datas and power  Up to 100m  Ethernet connector standard (RJ45) is widespread  Compatible with Gigabit Ethernet (1000BASE-T)  centralized backup power

10. 10 Challenges and Answers Learn from the challenges at the beginning and how they have been answered  Data cables are not made for this use (copper conductors are too thin, 24 AWG = diameter of 0.5106 mm)  Higher power levels over thin copper cables lead to temperature rise in cables What are the limits ? Do we need new cables?

11. 11 Nexans Thermal Modell 3D Modelling Project in Nexans Research Center, France

12. 12 Nexans Modelling Results (1) Heating of Ethernet cable depending on the category

13. 13 Nexans Modelling Results (2) Heating of a bundle of cat5e ethernet cables

14. 14 Nexans Modelling Results (3) - Power of 1A results in ~10° temperature rise in a bundle of 19 cables

15. 15 Results for Cat5e UTP cable (Worst Case) Cat5e UTP usable if bundle size <100

16. 16

17. 17 ISC SC25 / POE Ad Hoc Result ISO SC25 Temp. Rise Data provided to IEEE  For 100 cable bundles Cat5 UTP minimum: all pairs energised Temp Rise (in °C) allowed current (mA) per pair 5°420 7.5°550 10°600 12.5°680 15°720

18. 18 IEEE Choice Maximum acceptable Temperature Rise = 10° Max maximum rating for cable = 60° Max temp for equipment / ambient temperature = 45 ° = 15° Max. Including some tolerance finally 10° Temperature Rise accepted Leads to limitation to 25 Watts  10° TR equals 600 mA  using 57 Volts  24/25 Watts Limitation (using 2-pairs only) 50 Watts target only achievable with 4 pairs but this is patented technology No licenses available (PowerDesign)

19. 19 IEEE Standards The existing standard : IEEE802.3af (PoE) w 48V DC over two pairs of cat3/cat5 ethernet cable w 400mA per pair w 12.95W (with losses) The future standard : IEEE 802.3at (PoE Plus) w Uses the up to four pairs of cat5e cable w 57V DC w 600mA per pair w Up to 25.5W

20. 20 ACHIEVEMENT FINALLY:  POE PLUS is possible with ALL Copper LAN Cables !! IEEE Standard based on worst case CAT5e UTP No need for ‚thick‘ cables  Big Achievement:  Run POE PLUS and IP Convergance over existing LAN cabling..but some cabling can support it better than others..... Get around some limitations and compromises made to enable worst case

21. 21 Benefits of better cable Let us look into benefits of better cabling. This would potentially allow  Limit the temperature rise (and save energy for cooling(?))  Tolerate higher power levels (some equipment oversubscribes)  To use larger bundles than 100 cables or even “bundles of bundles”  Tolerate environments at higher temperature without reaching the 60° limit when using PoE+  Keep maximum distances (100m)

22. 22 POE /P 2 pairs Temperature Rise per cable grade remember to double temperature rise due to 4 pairs (IEEE) instead of 2 pair (used in comparison these chart) Almost linear behaviour from 2-4 pair!!!

23. 23 Temp Rise per Cable Grade Approximate Temperature Rise in 127 cable bundles 2 pairs energised with 0.35A per wire ~4 pairs energised with 0.35A per wire IEEE standard LANmark-5 UTP 6.2514° LANmark-6 UTP ~4.510° LANmark-5 FTP 3.58° LANmark-6 F2TP ~37° LANmark-7 S/FTP 2.56° LANmark-7A S/FTP AWG23 1.6°4° LANmark-7A S/FTP AWG22 1.1°3° Difference between AWG 23 and AWG 22 cables is 1° !!

24. 24 Acceptable Ambient Temperature Maximum Peak Ambient Temp compatible with POE + ~4 pairs energised with 0.35A per wire Acceptable Peak Temp from Cabling Point of view (Operating range) UTP Cat.5 14°46° LANmark-6 UTP 10°50° LANmark-5 F1TP 8°52° LANmark-6 F1TP 7°53° Cat.7 S/FTP 6°54° LANmark-7A 4°56° LANmark-7A 1500 3°57°

25. 25 Tolerate higher power levels Cat7A cable would allow to run ~ double power level

26. 26 Larger Bundle Size AWG 23 10 bundels = 331 cables AWG 22 10 bundels = 331 cables

27. 27 Impact on distance UTP Insertion Loss  Reduces by -0.6%/degree C  Example: +10° for UTP 90m - 6% = 84,6 m link length  Example: 60° for UTP 90m - 24% = 68,4 m link length FTP Insertion Loss  Reduces by -0.2%/degree C  Example: +10° for FTP 90m - 2% = 88,2m link length  Example: 60° for FTP 90m - 8% = 82,8 m link length All International Standards specify insertion loss requirements at 20° C and have quantified a small increase of attenuation of less than 0.2%/degree C for shielded cable and up to 0.6%/degree C for unshielded cable. In High Temp envronments use higher cable grade to ensure 100m distance (application dependend f.ex. Cat5 app over Cat6 cabling)

28. 28 POE PLUS in Datacenters ? (1) Impact of POE Plus in Datacenters estimated to be low Cabling can create additional heat dissipation (in Hot Isle) But DC Equipment is typically not using POE, maybe 1-3 POE+ device per Cabinets (Camera etc..) Bundles Sizes used in Datacenters vary largely  Top of the Rack Switching : Small bundles of copper cables  End of the Row Switching : Large bundles at Cross Connects Server Racks = ~ 48-96 cable bundles Cabling Cross Connects = ~960 cables per cabinet in tight bundles on the last meters before cross connect

29. 29 POE PLUS in Datacenters ? (2) Cabling used in DC typically higher grade (Class EA and higher) Example: Assume 6 Server Racks consolidated in 1 Cross Connect 6*96= 576 cables in Cross Connect Each Rack uses 3 POE+ devices = 6x3= 18 Temp Rise for Cat6 F/UTP in bundles of 19 = 0.75° Temp Rise for Cat7A S/FTP in bundles of 19 = 0.53° Temp Rise for Cat7A S/FTP in bundles of 19 = 0.44°

30. 30 Impact for Office Cabling High Impact estimated for Office Cabling where a frequent use of POE/P can be expected Devices like VoIP Telephones, Sensors, Printers, thin clients, new generation laptops require pontially fully energised large bundles of cabling Bundles Size in horizontal cabling = typically 100 FD, often larger than 100 cables  1 Floor of 50 users equals 150 cables at 3 drops /users

31. 31 Summary POE/P is a key technology to enable IP Convergence Cat5e UTP cabling is required as a minimum  10° temperature rise at 600mA per pair  Max. bundle size = 100 Better cabling Higher Grade (Cat 6 and Cat7) or shielded cable allows to  Lowering the expected temperture rise  Use larger bundles sizes  Tolerate higher power level  Save energy for cooling in comms rooms  Enable full distance of 100m