1. Chapter 2 Europeans Establish Colonies
Page 32

2. Section 1 Spain’s Empire in the Americas
OBJ: Explain Spanish explorer achievements
Describe the Society of New Spain
Evaluate the causes and effects of Spanish imperial policies

3. A. Religious Division
Martin Luther and Protestant Reformation rocked Europe in 1400’s 1500’s
Catholics and Protestants don’t get along
Brought many conflicts between Spain, Portugal, France, England, and other countries
France and GB feared how powerful Spain was becoming, began their own exploration.

4. B. Spain’s colonies Encomiendas??
Missionaries- went forward to convert the natives
Presidios- Spanish forts set up near missionaries for protection

5. C. Organization New Spain Peru Ruled by viceroys
Central and North American possessions
Peru
South America possessions
Ruled by viceroys
Society organized in a caste system:
Pure Spanish, Mestizos, Africans and Indians

6. D. Spanish Explore North
Hernan De Soto- explored Florida and much of the South West in died on the trip
Ponce de Leon- Fountain of youth
Coronado- searched for seven cities of gold
Made it all the way to Kansas and the mid west
Spain settled Florida and Texas to protect its richer lands on the interior
St. Augustine- oldest city in North America
Pedro Menendez de Aviles??

7. E. New Mexico Settled by Spanish with Capital at Santa Fe
Few Spanish would actually settle there
Out numbered by 40,000 Pueblo
1680- Pueblo revolted and drove the Spanish out of New Mexico led by POPE’
Pope’ would die and the Spanish would come back

8. Section 2 The French Empire
OBJ: explain how the fur trade affected the French and Indians in NA
Explain how and why Quebec was founded
Describe the French expansion into Louisiana
Both Verrazano and Jacques Cartier explored parts of North America looking for a Northwest Passage
The claimed land for France at mouth of St. Lawrence River

9. The Expanding French Empire Section 1
New France began in 1608 when Samuel Champlain founded Quebec which became the capital
By 1658, only 2,000 settlers and mostly men
Montreal also a prospering French Settlement
In 1660’s French gov’t became concerned with growing Dutch and English colonies
Started encouraging settlement
Population grows to 15,000 by 1700

10. Trading Empire Most French wanted to make money in fur trade
Were not interested in permanent settlements or conquering the land
Usually only stayed temporarily
Needed the Natives so developed great relationships with native populations

11. Voyageurs and couriers de bois- fur traders
Treated Natives with respect
Often lived in Indian villages
Too Native Wives
Missionaries also treated natives well
Did not force them to convert
Would align themselves with Huron against the Iroquois who attacked their settlements
Trade became very lucrative and France benefited from colonial trade

12. Reaching Ohio and Beyond
La Salle would travel Ohio River claiming for France
Thought it was the Northwest Passage
Traveled it to almost the Mississippi

13. La Salle reaches Gulf La Salle would go back in 1679
Set out with 23 Frenchmen and 31 Natives
Reached the gulf in 1682
Claimed the country of Louisiana in the name of France
Included all of Mississippi and its tributaries

14. Mississippi Delta
French would work to build forts up and down the Mississippi
Several benefits to controlling the River
Would establish New Orleans
By 1745, about 3,200 Europeans and 2,000 African slaves lived in a thin line of settlement down the Mississippi
However, Colony stayed small. Why?

15. Section 3 England’s Southern Colonies
OBJ: Describe how Jamestown was settled
Explain the relationship between the colonist and the Natives
Discuss the settlement of Maryland and the Carolina’s and Georgia

16. A. England’s Colonies
England- overpopulation and a need of natural resources
A Joint Stock Company received a charter from the king to colonize North America
Roanoke was established in the 1580’s, but disappeared when English ships returned

17. B. Jamestown
1607: The Virginian Company would establish Jamestown on the Chesapeake bay
24,000 tribes in the area united by chief Powhatan
Wanted to trade with the colonist, but also keep them contained
John Smith would emerge as leader of Jamestown

18. C. Conflict 1609- War would break out Colonist were starving
John Smith saved colony by demanding “work or don’t eat”
1613, colonist captured Pocahontas. She married John Rolfe and there was peace
Powhatan died in 1618
The colony would finally become successful after Tobacco was grown and sold in England
People would start moving to Virginia, especially to get free land

19. D. Start of Democracy House of Burgesses, set up in Virginia to rule.
First elected government body in NA
Later two types of colonies
Royal
Proprietary

20. E. Effects of Expansion
1622, Opechancanough led a surprise attack on the colonists
However, it was too late, they were to entrenched
They killed 1/3 of the colonists, but colonists would decimate the natives in return
1644, one more war, native lose again
41,000 English by going nowhere

21. F. Bacon’s rebellion
Nathanial Bacon led revolt against Virginia leadership
Too nice to natives
Favored the wealthy
Burned down Jamestown, but Bacon died and rebellion stalled
Showed gov’t couldn’t ignore the people

22. G. Other Colonies
Maryland-1632 established by Lord Baltimore as a refuge for Catholics
Carolinas Established at capital of Charles Town. 1730’s Carolinas were split
Georgia- Buffer between English and Spanish
James Oglethorpe was their leader. Haven for English debtors. Also strict??

23. Section 4 New England Colonies
OBJ: discuss why Pilgrims left England
Summarize gov’t of Massachusetts Bay Colony
Explain why Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire were founded

24. A. Puritans Puritans wanted to “purify” church of England
John Calvin was their leader
Were persecuted in England and fled to the New World
Called Pilgrims and crossed the Ocean in the Mayflower
Agreed to follow laws in the Mayflower Compact
Land at Plymouth Rock

25. B. Massachusetts Bay Colony
1630, John Winthrop let even more Puritans to America
Tried to establish “city on a hill”
Boston established
Elected their own governor
Very strict

26. C. Dissenters
Roger Williams- shouldn’t take land from Natives- fled to Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson- women should have rights- also fled to Rhode Island
Rhode Island much more tolerant

27. D. Salem Witch Trials
1692’s, religious fervor led authorities to try, convict and execute 19 suspected witches
Later, realized just how crazy they were

28. E. Conflict Puritans didn’t like Natives
Pequot war- Conflict led to complete war. Colonist killed 700 mostly women and children in village.
Native allies shocked by carnage
Pequot nearly wiped out
Forced many natives into Praying towns

29. King Philip War- 1675, Metacom known as King Philip to the colonists led rebellion
Destroyed 12 towns and ravaged country side
Metacom would die, and the colonist would wipe out and take the Natives remaining land
By 1700, 90,000 colonist outnumbered the only 9,000 remaining Natives

30. Section 5 Middle Colonies
OBJ: Explain how Dutch lost New York to English
Describe William Penn’s relationship with Natives in Pennsylvania
Compare and contrast the Pennsylvania Colony to other colonies

31. A. Dutch New Netherland Dutch settled on Hudson River
Formed city of New Amsterdam
Were tolerant of many groups
1660 only 5,000 residents
Life was good in Netherland’s- no reason to lead

32. B. New Sweden On Delaware River: Fort Christian
Farming and trading furs
500 colonists: Very small
Dutch took over in 1655

33. C. English Conquest Dutch and English became rivals in World Trade
1664: English forced Dutch to surrender
Duke of York put in Charge
Renamed New York
South of Hudson he established New Jersey

34. D. Pennsylvania Established by William Penn Was a Quaker-
Treated Natives fairly
Welcomed all faiths
Philadelphia was the capital

35. E. Diversity Middle colonies were the most diverse
Had aspects of Southern and Northern
Immigrants from all over Europe settled in area.