1. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.1 Chapter Fifteen An Era of Change: The 1960s

2. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.2 Protest against the war in Vietnam. Toronto Star Syndicate.

3. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.3 This protest march on Jasper Avenue in Edmonton, October 22, 1967, was aimed mostly against American involvement in Vietnam, but other placards suggest agendas for social justice Provincial Archives of Alberta/J127/1

4. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.4 The magnificent University of Lethbridge, main building, designed by famed architect Arthur Erikson. Construction was completed in 1971. Communication Office, University of Lethbridge.

5. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.5 The Montreal campus of the Université du Québec, one of the new universities that sprang up during the 1960s. To build the campus, a church and a convent were torn down. The architects integrated parts of the church’s facade into the new structure. Besides this Montreal campus, the Université du Québec has a number of regional affiliates Université du Québec à Montréal.

6. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.6 Many Canadians dreamt of owning a house in the suburbs. This photo shows the first houses built in Ajax, a small community located between Toronto and Oshawa, just after the Second World War, around 1948. Oshawa Times. Ajax Public Library/P130-002-001.

7. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.7 Canadian Voice of Women in a demonstration for peace, 1960s. This illustration appears on the Voice of Women’s Web Site http://home.ca.inter.net/~vow/history.htm

8. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.8 John Diefenbaker looks on, as Lester Pearson attempts to uncoil the cord of a translation earpiece. Canada's two French-speaking prime ministers before this period, Wilfrid Laurier and Louis St. Laurent, were both fluently bilingual. After the 1960s, it became much more important for federal anglophone politicians to be able to speak French John McNeill

9. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.9 Prime Minister Lester B. Pearson visits President John F. Kennedy, spring 1963. National Archives of Canada/C-90482.

10. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.10 On the 56th floor of the Toronto-Dominion Centre, Toronto, April 1966. Constructed from 1963 to 1969, this building was designed by the German- American architect Mies van der Rohe, and reflected the International Style of architecture. Skyscrapers like this one came to dominate cityscapes from the 1960s onward. The Globe and Mail/66104-38. Reprinted with permission from The Globe and Mail.

11. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.11 New Brunswick Premier Louis Robichaud, the province’s first elected Acadian premier. His administration in the 1960s built many hospitals, schools, and public buildings. Provincial Archives of New Brunswick/P57-15.

12. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.12 The election of Pierre Elliott Trudeau as Liberal Party leader, spring 1968. Malak/National Archives of Canada/PA 111214.

13. Copyright © 2008 by Nelson Education Ltd.13 Expo 67, Montreal 1967 — an exciting celebration of Canada’s centennial year. Canada put forward its very best and invited the world. Some 50 million visitors attended. Malak/National Archives of Canada/C-18536.