1. LIBERAL AND ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY

2. READINGS Smith, Democracy, chs. 9-11 Modern Latin America, ch. 4 (Central America) NB: Optional paper due May 30

3. DETECTING ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY

4. The Rise of Electoral Democracy, 1972-2004

5. THE CONCEPT OF ILLIBERAL DEMOCRACY Distinct Dimensions of Democracy: Free and Fair Elections Citizen Rights Systematic Curtailment of Citizen Rights

6. Journalists Killed in Latin America, 1990-1999 Country___ __ N Killings__ Colombia 36 Peru12 Mexico10 Brazil 8 Haiti 4 Argentina 3 Guatemala 3 Venezuela 2 Chile 1 Dominican Republic 1 Honduras 1 Paraguay 1 Total82 Source: Committee to Protect Journalists, Attacks on the Press in 1999 (New York: CPJ, 2000), 23.

7. Table 10-2. Electoral Regimes and Freedom of the Press, 1990s _________________Regime____________________ Press____AutocracySemi-Democracy Democracy Not Free 1 5 2 Partly Free 1 26 51 Free 0 0 47 Totals 231 100

8. FH scores of 1-2 = Extensive FH scores of 3-4 = Partial FH scores of 5-7 = Minimal CLASSIFYING CITIZEN RIGHTS (Freedom House scales for “Civil Liberties”)

9. Table 1. Democracy, Elections, and Citizen Rights: A Typology Citizen RightsCharacter of Elections Free and FairFree not FairNone ExpansiveLiberal DemocracyLiberal/Permissive Semidemocracy (Null) LimitedIlliberal Democracy Illiberal/Restrictive Semidemocracy Moderate Dictablanda Minimal(Null)Repressive Semidemocracy Hard-Line Dictadura

11. 1980-1989 ________________Regime___________________ Civil Liberties___AutocracySemi-DemocracyDemocracy Minimal 15 1 0 Partial 59 30 41 Extensive 1 4 39 Totals 75 35 80

12. 1990-2000 _________________Regime_________________ Civil Liberties___AutocracySemi-DemocracyDemocracy Minimal 3 0 0 Partial 4 53 109 Extensive 0 2 38 Totals 7 55 147

14. Political Regimes in 1999: Countries and Population N % Regime Type_____Countries__ __Population__ Liberal Democracy 3<5 Illiberal Democracy 11 60 Illiberal Semi-Democracy 5 33 Autocracy 1 2

15. Liberal and Illiberal Democracy, 1978-2004

17. Why Illiberal Democracy? Protection of elite interests Control of popular masses Under rubric of free and fair elections

18. SO WHAT? CYCLES OF MASS POLITICS –Unfettered and “dangerous” democracy (e.g., reformists + Allende) [1950s-] –Military coups and authoritarian regimes [1960s-] –Democracy contained [1980s-]: Neoliberal economics, Washington consensus Institutional constraints (e.g. MRO) Illiberal democracy –Rise of the “new Left” [1990s-]

19. The End