1. Ionic and Covalent Bonding

2. Ionic Bonding Give and take electrons Cation pairs up with anion + goes with – Ionic compounds which is the empirical formula Examples

3. Octet Rule Atoms tend to lose, gain, or share electrons in order to aquire a full set of valence electrons

4. Lewis Dot Diagram Each dot represents an electron Examples

5. Ion Types Monatomic ions- Polyatomic ions-

6. Criss Cross Balancing ionic compounds with the criss cross method Examples

7. Covalent Bonding Sharing of electrons They form molecules Also can form polyatomic ions

8. Structural Formulas Can use Lewis Dot or Dashes Specifies which atoms are bonded together – Unshared pairs – Multiple bonds Single Double Triple

9. Properties of Covalent Bonds Polar Nonpolar

10. Predicting Polar, Nonpolar, Ionic Use electronegativity difference – 0.4 or less = nonpolar – Between 0.41 and 1.69 = polar – Above 1.7 = ionic

11. Naming Ionic Compounds Metal – Nonmetal – Metal name stays the same – Change the nonmetal name ending to “ide” – Examples NaCl Al 2 O 3

12. Naming Ionic Compounds Cont. Metal – Polyatomic – Metal name stays the same – Polyatomic name stays the same – Examples SrNO 3 Li 2 SO 4 Transition metal- Nonmetal – Transition metal name stays the same – Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of the transition metal – Nonmetal name change the ending to “ide”

13. Naming Ionic Compounds Cont. Transition metal- polyatomic – Transition metal name stays the same – Must use a roman numeral to indicate the charge of the transition metal – Polyatomic name stays the same Polyatomic- Polyatomic – Both polyatomic names stay the same.

14. Naming Molecular Compounds The first word does not change. The second name change the ending to “ide” Must use a prefix except if the 1 st name has one atom. No mono on the 1 st word. Must use a prefix on the second word. Prefixes 1 mono 2 di 3 tri 4 tetra 5 penta 6 hexa 7 hepta 8 octa 9 nona 10 deca Examples H 2 O CO 2 Cl 4 Br 7

15. Hydrates Ionic compounds that absorb water Writing the formula – A dot seperates the water molecule from the rest of the compound. Examples Naming the formula – Must reflect the degree of hydration examples

16. Naming Acids Cation is always hydrogen Anion ending “ide”= prefix of acid is hydro and end “ic” Anion ending “ate” = suffix of “ic” Anion ending “ite” = suffix of “ous” Examples