1. Distributed Small Scale Power Plant (DSSPP) in Indonesia
By :
Ir. Djuwarno, MM
Chairman
INDONESIAN RENEWABLE ENERGY SOCIATY (IRES)
Jl. Duren Tiga No. 101 – Pancoran – Jakarta 12760
Ph , Fax
Indonesian Renewable Energy Society

2. Government’s Policy on Renewable Energy
Electricity Law No. 20/2002 states that Renewable Energy is the first priority for providing electricity in the country.
Utilization of Renewable Energy will be part of Government’s policy in promoting “Green Energy Program” under the proposed “Energy Law”.
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3. Indonesian Territory Map
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4. PLN’s Installed Capacity
Total Capacity : 20,930 MW
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5. Electricity Supply - Demand Forecast
Description
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Java Bali
Energy Sales (TWh)
69.12
74.82
81.74
89.27
97.47
106.22
Growth Rate (%)
11.5
6.5
6.7
7.0
7.3
7.2
Peak Demand (MW)
13.326
14.174
14.862
15.844
16.965
18.168
No. of Customers (Mio)
20.12
20.78
21.74
22.80
23.95
25.16
Outer Islands
16.41
17.63
19.39
21.41
23.72
26.28
7.4
10.0
10.4
10.8
3.85
4.12
4.52
4.98
5.50
6.07
9.48
9.95
10.69
11.50
12.38
13.32
Indonesian Renewable Energy Society

6. Indonesian’s Renewable Energy Potential
Energy Sources
Potential (MW)
Installed (MW)
Expected Invest. US$/kW
Expected Energy Cost US$/kWh
Hydro (Big scale)
75,674
3,106
2,000 – 3,000   -
Mini & Micro Hydro
230,913
32 & 22
1,000 – 2,900
0.025 – 0.069
Geothermal
19,658
749.5
910 – 1,500
0.03 – 0.05
Biomass
49.807
177.8
 1,200 – 1,500
Vary 
Solar
4-6.5 kWh/m2/day 5
9,000 – 15,000
1 – 2
Win
3-6 m/sec
0.5
1,000 – 1,500
0.05 – 0.06
Utilization of Renewable Energy could significantly reduce oil consumption in the country, that is expected to diminution.
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7. Potential of Mini and Micro Hydro in Major Islands
Location
Expected Potential Capacity (kW)
SUMATRA
39,954
KALIMANTAN
8,987
SULAWESI
141,824
MALUKU
2,941
NUSA TENGGARA
24,274
IRIAN/PAPUA
12,933
TOTAL
230,913
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8. Potential & Status – Hydro
Indonesia’s total potential of hydro plant is about 75 GW. Potential in Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan and Other Islands is 4.2 GW, 15.6 GW, 21.6 GW, and 33,6 GW respectively.
Currently, total installed capacity of hydro plant is just about 6% of its total potential.
By 1997 about 32 MW Mini Hydro and 22 MW Micro Hydro had been installed (less than 0.1% of its total potential)
Indonesian Renewable Energy Society

9. Potential & Status – Geothermal
Mostly located in Java, Sumatra, Bali, Nusa Tenggara, Sulawesi and Maluku.
Total identified potential of 70 fields is about MW.
Total Installed capacity, currently is 749,5 MW, mostly they are interconnected into PLN’s network system at 55 MW sizes.
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10. Indonesian Renewable Energy Society
Distribution of Geothermal Prospect in Indonesia
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11. Potential & Status – Biomass
Total potential is 48,807.3 MW.
Mostly for electricity generation utilizing farming/plantation waste (rice Husk skin, coconut shell, empty palm oil bunch, bagasse), woods, garbage, etc
Total potential in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Java, and others Islands is 1800 MW, 500 MW, 800 MW, 380 MW and 120 MW, respectively.
Total installed capacity, currently is 177,98 MW.
Indonesian Renewable Energy Society

12. Potential & Status – Solar
Most area in Sulawesi, Bali and Irian Jaya has a high heat radiation of 6 – 6.5 kWh/m2/day.
Mountain area in Irian Jaya, Sulawesi Java, has an average heat radiation of 4.5 – 5.5 kWh/m2/day.
Low terrain area in Kalimantan, Java, and Sumatera, has an average heat radiation of 4 – 5 kWh/m2/day.
Total installed capacity is about 5 MW, mostly used for households.
Indonesian Renewable Energy Society

13. Potential & Status – Wind
Most of equatorial area is likely to have less wind
Total potential is 448 MW.
Total current installed capacity is 0,5 MW, mostly used for electricity, pumping, refrigeration and batteraycharging.
Most potential area such as Nusa Tenggara and Sulawesi have potential of wind energy at about 10 – 100 kW sizes.
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14. Benefits of Developing DSSPP
Create a better social life to local community surrounding the Project (Better Irrigation for Farming, Fishery, etc).
Gives more sustainable electricity supply in the long run.
Give mutual benefit to local community, local government as well as investors.
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15. Community Based Development
Benefits of Developing DSSPP under Community Based Development Concept :
Give mutual benefit to local community, investor and government.
More Oriented to encourage participation of local community.
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16. Indonesian Renewable Energy Society
Business Scheme – On Gird
Interconnected to Low Voltage System
DSSPP ~ ~
DSSPP
Interconnected to Medium Voltage System
Low Voltage Transmission Lines
Medium Voltage Customer
Medium Voltage Transmission Lines
Low Voltage Customer
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17. Indonesian Renewable Energy Society
Business Scheme – Off Grid
DSSPP generates and transmits electricity directly to consumers.
GENERATION
CONSUMPTION
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18. Electricity Tariff for DSSPP < 1.0 MW
Interconnection to
Tariff
Medium Voltage Transmission System
0.8 x PLN’s Medium Voltage Production Cost
Low Voltage Distribution System
0.6 x PLN’s Low Voltage Production Cost
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19. Community Based Development
User
Operator
Worker during Erection Activity
Promoting utilization of DSSPP
Local Community
Others :
NGO
University
Local Government
Investor
Project Sponsor
Financing
Built Power Plant
Facilitator
Permits
Land
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20. Next 5 Years DSSPP Project Planning For Mini/Micro Hydro Plant
Financed by ADB Loan (PLN’s Project) :
Tatui MH – 1,100 kW – Serui – Papua
Amai MH -1,100 kW – Jayapura – Papua
Prafi MH – 1,000 kW – Manokwari – Papua
Lobong MH – 1,300 kW – Kotamobagu – East Kalimantan
Mongango MH – 1,700 kW – Gorontalo – North Sulawesi.
Developed by IPP :
Kalumpang MH – 1,700 kW – Luwuk – North Sulawesi
Hanga-hanga MH – 2 x 1,700 kW – Luwuk – North Sulawesi
Mangani MH – 1,200 kW – West Sumatra
Cileunca (3 x 300 kW) and Ketenger 4 (600 kW) – West Java
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21. Identified Constrain in Developing DSSPP
Mostly located in an isolated area :
Limited access road
Limited infrastructure.
Limited well educated people to operate power plant.
Mostly for Households having limited purchasing power.
After economic crisis, Government have very limited financing to support development of DSSPP. It is very welcome to private company to participate in developing DSSPP.
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22. Indonesian Renewable Energy Society
THANK YOU FOR YOUR KIND ATTENTION
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