1. Distributed Generation & Energy Storage in Indonesia
Chayun Budiono
PT Gerbang Multindo Nusantara
Jakarta, Indonesia

2. Indonesia in Profile*)
Sea area :
km2
Land area :
km2
Population :
212 Million
Provinces : 31
District : 302
Sub-district : 4 918
Village :
Islands :
Currency : Indonesian Rupiah (IDR)
1 USD  8500 IDR
All figures are approximation only
*) Central Bureau of Statistics 2003

3. Energy Reserve in Indonesia
Fossil
Fuel Oil*) : 5.00 Billion Barrels (0.5%)
Gas *) : 2.05 Trillion m3 (1.4%)
Coal *) : 5.22 Billion Ton (0.5%)
Renewable
Hydro : 75.0 GW
Biomass : 470 Million GJ/year
Solar Energy : 5.0 kWh/m2.day
Wind & Wave : Potential along South Coast of Java
*) Proven Reserve as of 2000; percentage to the world reserve.

4. Needs for Energy Storage
Supply of most RE systems as well as energy demand are time dependent.
Both RE supply and energy demand generally follow a statistical phenomena
Availability of RE supply does not necessarily coincide with the energy demand

5. Supply & Demand Pattern
PV Output
output to battery
output to load
load to be supplied from battery

6. Solar Home System (SHS)
Socket for radio, TV, etc
TL Lamp
BCU
PV Panel
Battery
PV-panel
50Wp
Battery Control Unit
10 A/12VDC
Battery
70 Ah/12VDC
3 TL lamps
10W/12VDC

7. Solar Home System (SHS)
50 ~ 300 Wp

8. PV-SHS Costs
Unit Cost USD

9. PV-D Hybrid System

10. Stand-alone PV System
PV Size = 30 kWp ; Battery = 400 Ah(220 VDC)

11. PV-Diesel Hybrid System
PV Size=12.5 kWp ; Diesel=15 kW ; Battery = 120 Ah(220 VDC)

12. PV-D Hybrid at Pena’ah Island
PV Generator 12.5 kWp
Battery 400 Ah / 220 VDC
Diesel Generator 20 kVA
Inverter 15 kVA

13. PV-D Hybrid System
Capacity 12.5 – 15 kWp
Cost ± USD 150,000

14. Micro-hydro Plant LEGEND 1. Weir 6. Storage Tank
2. Sand Trap 7. Penstock
3. Pipe Bridge 8. Spillway
4. Head Race Channel 9. Power House
5. Siphon 10. Tailrace Channel

15. Hydraulic Storage
The 2275 m3 capacity storage tank provides back-up capacity allowing the scheme to supply peak load demands for limited periods (min 2 hours) even when streamflow is below design flow.
Power Output 2 x 125 kW
Design flow 600 l/s
Net Head 64 m
Headrace 572 m
Storage 2,275 m3

16. Pumped Sea water
1.1 MW Tapered Channel Wave Concept at Baron, Yogyakarta

17. Conclusion
Storage system remains an important component or plays an important role in distributed generation, particularly for the renewable energy system applications.
Cost of RE distributed generation, particularly a stand-alone PV system, is significantly influenced by the cost of battery. Hence, there is a need to reduce the battery cost and increase the battery lifetime to enable bring both the investment- and lifecycle costs of renewable energy systems down.
Hydraulic storage (pumped water) can be one of alternative energy storage system for RE application.
Utilization of pumped sea water as a storage has an economic potential to be developed along the south-coast of Java island. It can be used to fill the valley during low demand of Java-Bali grid or in combination with the utilization of distributed renewable energy sources (wave, wind and solar-energy).