1. By: Dylan Turner, Jesse Walter, and Christine Stanley

2. Overview Most joints of the skeletal system are Synovial Joints. These allow free movement and are more complex structures than fibrous or cartilaginous joints. Consists of articular cartilage; a joint capsule, and a synovial membrane which secretes synovial fluid.

3. Structures Articular Cartilage- resists wear and minimizes friction when it is compressed as the joint moves. Joint Capsule- has two distinct layers that holds together the bones of the joint. Ligaments- reinforce the joint capsule and help bind the articular ends of the bones. Ovial Membrane- the inner layer of the joint capsule that consists of a shiny vascular linning of loose connective tissue. Synovial Fluid- a clear viscous fluid

4. Structures Cont. Menesci- discs of fibrocartilage Bursae- Fluid- filled sacs containing synovial fluid and is commonly located between the skin and underlying bony prominences.

5. Types of Synovial Joints cont. Ball-and-socket joint- consists of a bone with a globular or egg-shaped head that articulates with the cup shaped cavity of another bone. Ex-Hip and Shoulder Condylar joint- the ovoid condylar of one bone fitting into another elliptical cavity of another bone. Ex-betweeen metacarpals and phalanges

6. Types of Synovial Joints Glidding Joint- Nearly flat or slightly curved. These joints allow sliding back and forth motion and twisting. Ex-Wrist and Ankle. Hinge Joint- the convex surface of one bone fits into the concave of another. Ex- elbow and phalanges

7. Types of Synovial Joints Pivot Joint- the cylindrical surface of one bone rotates in a ring formed of bone and a ligament. Ex- between the radius and ulna Saddle Joint- Forms between bones with concave and convex regions. Ex- carpal and metacarpal of the thumb.

9. Traumatic Joint Disease Traumatic Joint Disease is the result of trauma. Synovitis – inflammation of the synovial membrane. Painful condition particularly when the joint is moved. The joint usually swells due to synovial fluid collection.

10. Synovitis Symptoms Synovitis is a major problem in - rheumatoid arthritis - juvenile arthritis - lupus - psoriatic arthritis - Joint appears swollen or puffy to the touch - The increase blood flow makes the joint warm - Cells release enzymes into joint space causing further pain and irritation - Over years enzymes gradually digest the cartilage and bone of the joint leading to chronic pain