1. The Great Encounter

2.  Take out a blank sheet of paper.  Read “Fact or Opinion” in the yellow folders, then answer the questions on the blank paper.  Where should your backpack be? This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly!

3.  Take out all the work you have for this class. Put it into a packet in this order.  Chapter 4 Study Guide  Columbus activity paper/Fact or Opinion  “Fact or Opinion” could be on a separate paper  Spanish Explorers in Utah notes  Mountain Men notes  Work on any incomplete items for 5 min.  Where should your backpack be? This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly!

4.  History Objective – We will prepare for tomorrow’s exam by reviewing the study guide.  Behavior Objective – Participation & Work Ethic: We will listen to each questions, answer the ones given to us, and write the important details in our notes.  Language Objective – We will listen to, give answers and write the important details from the activity.

5. 1. What was "The Great Encounter?" Was it great for everyone? It was when Native Americans met non-Indians for the first time, and it was not “great” for the N.A.as the Europeans brought diseases that killed millions, took their land, and marginalized their culture. 1) 2) 3)

6. 2. What was the result of Christopher Columbus’s voyages to the Americas? People in Europe realized the Americas existed and began to conquer and colonize them.

7. 3. Which country were most of the early explorers from? ________________________ Spain

8. 4. How did the Spanish learn about the Southwestern part of what is now the United States? By sending explorers, map makers, and trading expeditions through the Southwest to learn about the land and its peoples.

9. 5. Who was Juan Rivera and what was he looking for? He was a Spanish explorer who was looking for silver and a way to cross the Colorado River.

10. 6. What were missions and presidios, and how did the Spanish use them in the areas they controlled? Missions were places where Catholic priests lived and worked to convert Indians to their religion and teach them European customs. Presidios were forts built to protect the priests and other settlers.

11. 7. Name three things that Spanish priests would have taught Native Americans at a mission. 1)Catholic religion 2)European farming 3)Spanish language 4)Spanish customs and culture

12. 8. Who did the presidios protect? ______________________________ Catholic priests and Spanish settlers

13. 9. What were Fathers Dominguez and Escalante looking for? A route through Utah from Santa Fe, New Mexico to Monterey, California.

14. 10. Who were Silvestre and Joaquin? Ute Indians who guided the Dominguez and Escalante expedition through Utah.

15. 11. What did Bernardo de Miera y Pacheco make for the expedition? He created a map of the lands they traveled through.

16. 12. Was their expedition a success? Why or why not? Yes and no. They did not reach their destination but they brought back valuable information about the land that is now Utah that would later be used to create the Old Spanish Trail.

17. 13. Why did the Mountain Men come to Utah? To trap animals, like beaver, that they could sell their pelts to make money.

18. 14. Describe some features of their lifestyles in the West. Most adopted Indian customs, dress, etc to survive. Many died of illnesses and some were killed by Indians or wild animals. They spent much of their time with a few friends except during the rendezvous.

19. 15. What happened at a rendezvous? Why were they important to the Mountain Men? Rendezvous were meetings of Mountain Men, traders from the East, and Indians. They were an opportunity for the M.M. to sell their furs and buy supplies for the next year, and have fun and socialize.

20. 16. How did Cache Valley get its name? It was a good area to trap animals, and many caches were made here to store supplies for the mountain men.

21. 17. Why did the Mountain Men (Trappers) sometimes have conflicts with Native American tribes? They married into tribes and were then considered enemies to that tribes enemies; they also were taking resources that the Native Americans needed to survive.

22. 18. Name the two large fur trapping companies that sent trappers to Utah? Which mountain men worked for them? 1)Hudson Bay Company Ogden 1)Ashley-Henry Fur Company Bridger, Jed Smith, Becksworth

23. 19. Which trappers were independent? Etienne Provost, Antoine Robidoux, Joseph Walker, Osborn Russell, Miles Goodyear

24. 20. What were some of the benefits and problems of being an independent trapper or a company trapper? Independent trappers could make more money, but they took more risks (no help, supplies, etc). Company trappers made less money but were given their supplies, had help, etc.

25. 21. Write two interesting facts about each of these Mountaineers. Jedediah Smith 1)Had his ear and scalp ripped off by a bear, but survived. 2)Discovered that no rivers went from the Great Salt Lake to the Pacific Ocean.

26. 22. What was the purpose of the Old Spanish Trail? To transport supplies, animals, and people from Spanish colonies in New Mexico to California.

27. 23. Why was it longer than it needed to be? They need to avoid canyons and plateaus, and hostile Indian tribes in Arizona like the Apache.

28. 24. How did it change the lifestyles of the Indian tribes who lived in Utah? In addition to slavery, diseases, and conflict, the Old Spanish Trail brought the Indians horses, sheep, guns, and other supplies/tools they could not make themselves.

29. 25. Who was Walkara? A Ute who became powerful because of his successful raids for slaves. He later became one of the most powerful Indian leaders in Utah.

30. 26. What ended the trapping lifestyle of the mountain men? Beaver became more scarce making the hats very expensive, and silk from China became more popular for hats.

31. 27. What were three things that the Mountain Men did after the trapping era ended? 1)Farming in the west 2)Trading posts/Forts to supply pioneers moving to Cali., Ore., Ut. 3)Government guides/Pioneer guides

32. 28. What were some of the outcomes of the cultural exchange between Native Americans and the explorers? There was an exchange of culture and technology that reshaped both groups. Indians, in particular, changed their lifestyles with the introduction of horses, guns, etc.

33. 29. What is a fact? A fact is something that can be proven, such as “It snows in Utah.”

34. 30. What is an opinion? An opinion is something a person believes, but cannot always prove, such as “Utah’s snow is better than Colorado’s”. It may or may not be true because it is a matter of taste.

35. 31. Why is it important to be able to tell fact from opinion, especially when studying history? There are many reasons. One is that people often get a biased view of an event, person, people, culture, etc. because they listen to opinions about that culture and do not investigate it for themselves.

36. 33. What is the difference between a primary and a secondary source? Primary sources are from the time an event took place. Secondary sources come from analysis after the event, usually written by historians.

37. 34. Give two examples of primary sources for this chapter and two secondary sources for this chapter. Primary: Journals of James Beckworth and Christopher Columbus Secondary: Our textbook, Columbus readings

38.  Get out your study guide packet.  Work on your essay until we start the computer test.  Review the packet to make sure everything is finished.  Where should your backpack be? This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly!

39.  Finish your essay.  Take the Chapter 4 Test (no ESL version)  Check your grades in Pinnacle (NOT Canvas!!)  Finish/Take any missing essays, tests, quizzes  Work quietly on something. Read, homework etc.

40.  Take out your Chapter 4 Study Guide.  Work on any incomplete parts, including essay, maps, and questions.  If you think you are done, go back and elaborate on your answers. Make sure you have answered every question THOROUGHLY!!!  Where should your backpack be? This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly!

41.  We will be working on the essay together so that we all understand how to do an essay.  We will go step by step through each part of essay writing.  First Step: Brainstorming on the topic:(Think of at least three important pieces of information for each essay question.) ◦ Write what you come up with in the boxes on your study guide.

42.  Essay Questions  1) Why did Europeans come to North America?  2) How did the horse change the lifestyles of Utah’s Indian tribes?  3) How did the explorers and mountain men contribute to the culture of Utah? (3 things that were changed, learned or discovered because of them)

43.  Essay Questions  1) Why did Europeans come to North America? Question #1 Detail 1- Detail 2- Detail 3-

44.  Essay Questions  2) How did the horse change the lifestyles of Utah’s Indian tribes? Question #1 Detail 1- Detail 2- Detail 3-

45.  Essay Questions  3) How did the explorers and mountain men contribute to the culture of Utah? (3 things that were changed, learned or discovered because of them) Question #1 Detail 1- Detail 2- Detail 3-

46.  Second Step: Which question do you think you know the most about or have the best information for? Circle one of the following: Question #1Question #2 Question #3 (argumentative)  That is the only question you will have to write a full essay about. Cross out the other two brainstorms. Don’t use the information from them in your essay!!!

47.  Third Step: Look at the question you chose, then cross out the words and punctuation that make it a question.  Why did Europeans come to North America?

48.  Topic Sentence (So what?): ________________________________________________ ____________________________________ Guess what?!  The sentence you came up with is the topic sentence of your essay! Write it below on the topic sentence line.

49.  Fourth Step: Now we need to come up with some supporting detail sentences for the rest of your essay.  Pick three things from your brainstorm and write them here. Detail 1=_______________________________________  Detail 2=_______________________________________  Detail 3=_______________________________________

50.  Fifth Step: You are almost done! It is time to close your essay with a parting thought for your reader. ◦ An easy way to do this is by changing your topic sentence a bit and adding a concluding phrase. ◦ Write your sentence on the conclusion line.

51.  Outline:  Topic Sentence (So what?): ______________________________________  Supporting Sentence 1: ______________________________________  Supporting Sentence 2: ______________________________________  Supporting Sentence 3: ______________________________________  Concluding Sentence (So why?): ______________________________________

52.  Final Step: Write a final draft of your essay using your best handwriting, punctuation and spelling. ◦ Your essay should be neat and easy to read! ◦ If you need more space, you can write the final draft on a lined piece of paper, but staple your draft to it!!

53.  First: Complete the essay.  Second: Get a computer after you show me your completed essay.  Third: Find the map test link on the calendar page on my website. Do the map test.  Fourth: Take the UTIPS test.  If you finish everything, then you can play the counties games or read a book.

54.  Take out all the work you have for this class. Put it into a packet in this order.  Chapter 4 Study Guide  Columbus activity paper  Fact or Opinion  Spanish Explorers in Utah notes  Mountain Men notes  Work on any incomplete items for 5 min.  Where should your backpack be? This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly!

55.  Get your folders from the crate at the back of the room.  Take your packet out and work on anything that is incomplete. If nothing is incomplete, study quietly.  Where should your backpack be? This is a no gum class. Please dispose of it properly!