1. The Great Encounter American Indians meet Explorers and Mountain Men
Chapter 4
The Great Encounter
American Indians meet Explorers and Mountain Men

2. Introduction
During 1765, when the American Revolution was starting to unfold, Spanish missionaries began crossing into Utah.
Juan Riveria and his group entered Monticello and continued northward up to Moab. Some speculated they were the first non-Indians to enter Utah.

3. Spanish Missionaries
On 1776, Father Francisco Dominguez and Father Silverstre Escalante were young Spanish priests sent by the Spanish government to find a better route from Sante Fe to Monterey.
Once arriving at Utah Lake, the priests taught the Timpanogots how to plant crops and raise livestock animals.

4. The Old Spanish Trail
To avoid deep canyons and possible trouble with certain Indian groups, the Spanish Trail was created.
The Spanish Trail went through Utah on its way from Santa Fe to Los Angeles.
Some archaeologists predict that some parts of the trail were used by the Archaic and Fremont peoples.

5. Mountain Men
The biggest group that entered Utah in the early 1800s was the mountain men. Beavers were the main reason trappers came to the West.
They were hired to trap beaver by different companies. They would collect as many pelts which was the animal skin with the fur attached. Thick beaver pelts was worth $10.00 a piece.

6. Continue
If a mountain man had too many furs, they would put them in a hiding place called a cache.
Every summer, trappers and traders would get together and attend the planned rendezvous.
Rendezvous were managed by the fur trade companies. They would dance, sing, run, jump, race, have target practice, and shout so they could get pretty wild.

7. American Indians
Indians served as guides along the rivers and trails. Trappers would stay in the Indians village for the winters and some married Indian women.
Some Indians did not like trappers on their land so there were conflicts between the two groups. Overall, the trappers presence in the West led to the end of the Indian lifestyles and forced them to move from their homeland.

8. Fur Trade Companies
The Hudson Bay Company was the first to enter Utah. They arrived in 1820 and they followed the Bear River to Bear Lake, down to Cache Valley and into the Ogden Valley.
Second was the Ashley-Henry Fur Company. They started the first supply caravan and organized 16 rendezvous. This company was the most instrumental in exploring Utah.

9. Fur Trappers
Trappers were hired by a company just like an independent contractor today.
Peter Skene Ogden worked for the Hudson Bay Company and was one of the first mountain men to keep a journal. The city of Ogden and the Ogden River are named for him.
Jim Bridger was 20 years old when he came to Utah. He was a great storyteller and the first to discover the Great Salt Lake. (What about the Indians?)

11. Native Americans discovered Great Salt Lake
By Contributed Fri, 02/25/ :00pm
Copyright All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.
(UNEDITED) Right now you see all those Jim Bridger billboards around Northern Utah saying he discovered the Great Salt Lake. How could he discover the Great Salt Lake when there were already people living there? That's a slam to the Native Americans who took care of this land long before Jim Bridger. It's like a Native American flying to Italy and getting off the plane and "discovering" Italy.
Lynn Greenwood
Roy

12. Fur Trappers
Jedediah Smith was the first to travel across Utah’s length. He showed that no rivers flowed from the Great Salt Lake to the Pacific Ocean. He is famous for having his ear sewn back on after a grizzly bear attacked him.
James Beckworth was an African American trapper who was born into slavery. His father left him to escape slavery so he was adopted by the Crow Indians. He wrote a book about his life.

13. Fur Trappers
Etienne Provost established Indian trading posts along the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake. You could trade furs for cloth, knives, blankets, and moccasins. The city of Provo and the Provo River were named after him.
Antoine Robidoux was a French trapper who worked with Provost. He carved his name on a rock in the Uintah Basin, where he had established a fort.

14. End of the Mountain Men
The Mountain men’s business ended because few beavers remained in the area AND the fashion changed from beaver hats to silk hats.
The Mountain men became guides to the West, OR they returned to the eastern states, OR they stayed West and set up trading posts.

15. United States Government
The U.S. Army Corps of Topographical Engineers sent explorers to the West to make more accurate maps, find new routes to California, and take notes. (Hey, no different than what you’re doing!)
John C. Fremont worked for the U.S. government. He explored Utah and his maps and notes made him famous. He met his wife Jesse Benton in Washington D.C. She recorded and edited his notes of exploration. (EDITED, do you see that!)

16. Government Explorers
Fremont earned the nickname the “Pathfinder” and contributed much valuable information of the West. Brigham Young studied his reports before deciding to bring the Saints out West.
In 1849, John W. Gunnison was sent to Utah to survey the Great Salt Lake and Utah Lake. Years later, he was sent back to survey a possible route for the transcontinental railroad.

17. Notes Assignment 10 points for the Powerpoint Notes.
For the additional 30 points, you must write a story of any Mountain Man or Explorer from Chapter 4.
The story must be written on line paper.
You can write a ½ page single space OR 1 full page double spaced.
This story must be stapled to the Powerpoint Notes and turned in the day we take the test.

18. The End Study Your Notes!
Obituary will start Tuesday (tomorrow) and will be due Friday! ( )
Jeopardy will be Wed. ( ) Chapter 4 Test will be Thursday ( )
Our next guest speaker: Friday ( )