1. 1 Master Education of Vocational Instructors Jian-Rong ZHANG Institute of Vocational Instructors, Tongji University Shanghai, 200092, China Tel ： 0086-21-65988567 Mob ： 0086-13641869598 E-mail: zhangjr@tongji.edu.cn The International Network on Innovative Apprenticeship Assuring the Acquisition of Expertise: Apprenticeship in the Modern Economy

2. 2 Contents 123 Necessary Competence as a TVET teachers Education and development of TVET teachers Background of Education of TVET Teachers in China Master education program for TVET teachers 4

3. 3  In China, only a very small part of vocational school teachers have received pre-service professional education for TVET. In-service training is the main way for a new teacher to start teaching career life.  There is no professional competence standard of TVET teaching and training staff in china. The condition for recruitment of professional teachers in vocational schools is usually bachelor degree or master degree in some special field. Vocational schools cannot recruit teachers with competence according to the requirement of TVET. 1. Background of Education of TVET Teachers in China

4. 4 2. Necessary Competence as a TVET teachers  Competence in working process: knowledge and skills as a technician  Competence in teaching process: knowledge and skills as a teacher Such a combination of competence could be called dual competence.

5. Education Professional disciplines 5 2. Necessary Competence as a TVET teachers TVET teachers’ competence

6. 6 2. Necessary Competence as a TVET teachers  TVET teachers’ competence is different from either that of engineers or technicians, or that of general teachers. Ability of teacher Ability of engineer TVET teachers’ ability It is necessary to carry out special master degree education for TVET teachers.

7. 7 2. Necessary Competence as a TVET teachers  TVET instructors should have the ability to applying the pedagogic theory in teaching of vocational contents.  TVET instructors must have the vocational teaching ability to combine vocation, technology and education.

8. 8 3. Education and development of TVET teachers Ways to improve education for TVET teachers in China at present: Accept in-service education for Master of Engineering  The contents for Master of Engineering are quite different from the work of TVET teaching in knowledge, theory, skills and ability.  The education objectives, researching field, teaching content and assessment standards for master education are not consistent with the requirements of TVET teachers.

9. 9 3. Education and development of TVET teachers Ways to improve education for TVET teachers in China at present: Accept in-service education for Master of Education.  Master of Education was designed for persons who work in basic education and educational management, which are quite different from Vocational Education.  General education does not cover the content, methods and fields of vocational education.

10. 10 3. Education and development of TVET teachers  The comprehensive capacities of TVET teachers should be integrated in the process of teaching and training professional and educational knowledge and achieve the fully combination of the both.  This training goal could not be achieved by the existing education system in the form of Master of Engineering or Master of Education. It is reasonable and possible to set “Master of Vocational Education” in China.

11. 11 3. Education and development of TVET teachers Master of TVET For TVET teachers Postgraduate level degree An interdisciplinary degree “Master of Vocational Education” Consists of teaching, practice and assessment methods, including a master dissertation.

12. 12 4. Master education program for TVET teachers Objective for Master education of TVET Teachers 1 Education background necessary for Master education 2 Theoretical study in education and vocational education 3 Practice in two places: vocational school and enterprise 4 Cooperation of universities with companies and vocational school 5

13. 13 4. Master education program for TVET teachers Objective for Master education of TVET Teachers 1  To cultivate high quality vocational educators.  vocational school teachers, training instructors, administrators for vocational schools, education administrators in enterprises, human resource managers  Have the knowledge of both one subject and education.

14. 14 4. Master education program for TVET teachers Education background necessary for Master education 2  The discipline for master education program should base on occupation classification and industry section.  Students cannot cross the major to register.  Students should be restricted to apply for the major which is the same or relevant to that they learn in undergraduate education.

15. 15 4. Master education program for TVET teachers Theoretical study in education and vocational education 3 The curriculum should put emphasis on theory of education and vocational education. The courses will include,  Vocational and Technical Education  Technical Education Psychology  Vocational Development and Work Analysis  Work Didactics Moreover, other optional courses are:  Education Management and Human Resources Development  Educational Economics  International Vocational Education Comparison etc.

16. 16 4. Master education program for TVET teachers Practice in two places: vocational school and enterprise 4  Teach-practice in vocational school.  Develop curriculum  Teaching methods  Pass some kind of examination, and get qualification to be a teacher  in the third term.

17. 17 4. Master education program for TVET teachers Practice in two places: vocational school and enterprise 4  Practice in enterprise as technician or junior manager.  During practice in enterprise, students should attend training for the intermediate or above technical titles which related to their major, pass some kind of examination, and get some qualification.  be arranged in the forth term.

18. 18 4. Master education program for TVET teachers Practice in two places: vocational school and enterprise 4  The final thesis for master degree could be prepared during internship in enterprise. The topic of the thesis should cover the fields of teaching activities in vocational education and technology in relevant industry sections.

19. 19 4. Master education program for TVET teachers Cooperation of universities with enterprises and vocational school 5  Universities-enterprises cooperation  University-school co-operation

20. 20 Thanks!