1. Natalie Gardner

2.  The trumpet dates way back into the antiquity period.  The trumpet has evolved by receiving valves.  The trumpet has also evolved by having trumpets pitched in the keys for every note of the scale an octave above the normal B-flat instrument.  These fall into two basic categories: B-flat and C  More for everyday use D, E-flat, E, F, G, piccolo B-flat/A, and C  For literature requiring a high tessitura

3.  There are many different trumpets to cover the demands of the different types of orchestral and solo music around today.  It also allows for:  The player to play in a better part of the range in the harmonic series.  Easier entrances.  Playing in a higher register.  Improves accuracy.  Becomes less tiring for the player.  Examples:  Bach’s B-minor Mass for B-flat trumpet More beneficial to play it on the piccolo trumpet in A because the notes fall in a rather high range on the B-flat trumpet.  Haydn Trumpet Concerto More beneficial to play on the E-flat trumpet.  Hummel Trumpet Concerto To play in the original key, it is more beneficial to play on the E-flat or E trumpet.

4.  Replaced the long F trumpet in the orchestral setting.  Because many of the players who played the cornet were used to the technical advantages of the B-flat trumpet.  The C trumpet however could be more beneficial in the orchestral setting.  Primary trumpet because it has a fuller timbre and blends easier in the ensembles.  Most music for band is written for the B-flat trumpet.  Students start out on the B-flat trumpet to learn a good tonal concept and tone production before moving to other trumpets.

6.  Georges Mager in 1920 was the first to use the C trumpet in an American orchestra.  The timbre is carries well and the player can project more with less effort compared to the B- flat trumpet.  Is better in an orchestra setting than the B-flat trumpet because with long periods of rest the C trumpet is better for making “cold”.  Also allows for more sense of security and control, as well as, more dynamic contrast.  The C trumpet is not preferred in Jazz bands because of its timbre and playing characteristics.

8.  Developed in the 19 th century because of the popularity of Bach’s and Handel’s choral pieces.  It used to be called a Bach trumpet because of this, but the name was changed to avoid confusion with the natural trumpet.  Made it easier to play the harder passages in Handels Messiah and many other choral pieces.  Has recently been replaced by the piccolo trumpet in A because of the smaller bell and bore size.  It is also more reliable during performances.  The D trumpet provides the advantage of the valve trumpet with the full tone quality of the natural trumpet of the Baroque era.

10.  Today it is mainly used to perform the Haydn and Hummel concertos.  Passages seem to fit better with the fingerings and tone production on this trumpet.  The fingerings allow for easier trills and accuracy.  The E-flat trumpet has problems with intonation, as well as, tone quality compared to the B-flat trumpet.

12.  E Trumpet:  Developed so players can perform the Hummel Trumpet Concerto in the original key. (E major)  F Trumpet:  Was made for the difficult passages in Bach’s Second “Brandenburg” Concerto.  It has been replaced by the Piccolo Trumpet in B-flat.  G Trumpet:  It is like the Baroque instrument because of its tone and feel.  It combines the timbre that is similar to the D trumpet with the technical advantages of the piccolo trumpet.

15.  The B-flat/A is the most popular piccolo trumpet.  It has four valves:  Helps to extend the range down to a perfect fourth.  Adds five notes to the players range.  More alternate fingerings are available to help with intonation.  It used for high passages in orchestral settings.  The piccolo trumpet does not mean the player will automatically have a high range; It just brings the notes down into a better register.  The piccolo provides better control and security.  There is also a piccolo trumpet built in C, that offers more choices of keys for the players.

17.  Trumpet Students:  Should mainly stay on the B-flat trumpet unless they want to further their education with the trumpet into college.  Professional Players:  Four main Trumpets are needed: B-flat, C, E- flat/D, and the piccolo B-flat/A.  They should also consider owning a flugelhorn.

18.  Maynard Ferguson  Dr. Tim Cordell  Lois Armstrong  Wynton Marsalis  Miles Davis  Clifford Brown Just to name a few.

20.  Whitener, S. (1997). A complete guide to brass. (2nd ed., Vol. Edition, pp. 24-33). Belmont, CA: Schirmer Thomson Learning.  History of the trumpet. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.virtualtrumpetstudio.com/HistoryofTrump et.htm www.virtualtrumpetstudio.com/HistoryofTrump et.htm  Trumpet history. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.angelfire.com/band/vhstrumpets/pages/h istory.html