1. Amendments to the U.S. Constitution

2. First Amendment Freedom of: religion speech press
to peacefully assemble
to petition the government over problems

3. Helpful Hint to Remember…
“Freedom Amendment”
Freedom of: Religion, Assembly, Petition, Press and Speech
RAPPS!

4. Second Amendment Each state will have a militia
Right of the people to have and carry weapons

5. Helpful Hint to Remember…
BEAR ARMS 
Right “2 Bear Arms”

6. Third Amendment
No housing of soldiers without consent of homeowner

7. Fourth Amendment
The government does not have the right to search you or your property without a warrant demonstrating probable cause
This amendment does not go into effect in emergency situations

8. Fifth Amendment
No person shall be accused of a crime without following the process of the law
Grand jury decides if there is enough evidence to indict someone
No person shall have to testify at their own criminal trial
No double jeopardy – can not be tried for the same crime twice
No one can have property taken with out due process of the law

9. Sixth Amendment Protects the rights of people accused of a crime
Speedy trial
Public trial
Jury Trial
Know the charges against them
Hear witnesses against them
Lawyer

10. Right to Know Charges Against You
Hints to Remember
speedy Trial
Legal Council
Unbiased Jury
Right to Know Charges Against You
No surprise Witnesses

11. Seventh Amendment Juries can decide civil cases
Hurt someone without committing a crime
Disputes over money or property

12. Eighth Amendment Allows for fair bail
Bans “cruel and unusual punishment”
1972 Supreme Court ruled that the way most states carried out the death penalty was cruel and unusual punishment

13. Hints to Remember…

14. Ninth Amendment
Rights listed in the Constitution are not the only rights that citizens have. This allows the courts and Congress to decide additional basic rights of citizens
Education is an example

15. Tenth Amendment
Recognizes that states and the people have additional powers not specifically given to the congress by the Constitution
Federalism – balance of power between the state and federal government

16. Amendment 11
All lawsuits involving the states or foreign countries will be handled by the Supreme Court

17. Amendment 12 Changed the election procedure for president.
Electors vote for a president
Electors then vote for a vice president
If there is a tie members of the House of Representatives cast votes among the leaders with the most votes

18. Amendment 13 Ends slavery

19. Amendment 14 Defines citizenship in the United States
Born or naturalized can not be denied life, liberty, or property with out legal process and are equally protected by the law.
Representation is based on the whole number of people

20. Amendment 15
Anyone can vote no matter your race, color, or previous position in service.

21. Amendment 16
Congress can collect income tax

22. Amendment 17 Members of the senate are directly elected by the people
The state temporally appoints someone to fill vacancies

23. Amendment 18 Ratified January 16, 1919
Repealed by Amendment 21 – December 5, 1933
“manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors is prohibited”

24. Amendment 19
August 18, 1920
Women gain the right to vote

25. Amendment 20 Term of president ends at noon on January 20th
Terms of Senators and Representatives ends at noon on January 3
Congress shall meet at least once a year starting on January 3
If the president dies following the election before taking office the vice president will take over the office

26. Amendment 22 2 time max elected as president
If you served more that 2 years as acting president you can only run one time

27. Amendment 23
Washington DC is allowed electors to represent their votes for President and Vice President

28. Amendment 24
Can not collect a poll tax – do not have to pay in order to vote

29. Amendment 25
Vice President takes over when the president can no longer fulfill their duties
If for a period of time the president will not be able to fulfill his duties he can in writing ask for the Vice President to take over. House must approve, and he can return when in writing he says he is fit and the House approves.

30. Amendment 26
18 years old to vote – limited by the Supreme Court to federal elections only

31. Amendment 27
Senators and Representatives who vote for a raise can not have a raise take effect until after a new election period takes place