1. Mining

2. Mining is the process or industry of obtaining minerals from a mine Minerals are the valuable substances taken from rocks through the process of mining

3. Minerals Minerals can be separated into two categories: Metallic Minerals: Mineral that yields a metal when processed Examples include Iron, Gold, Uranium & Silver Non-Metallic Minerals: Mineral that yields non-metals when processed Examples include Salt, Potash, Asbestos

4. Mining in Canada Mining is of great importance to the Canadian economy ($83 B production) Forestry and Fishing were $54 and $2 B Canada ranks 3 rd in the world in the production of minerals Canada ranks 1 st in the world in the exporting of minerals (80% exported)

5. Mining in Manitoba:

6. CompanyMineLocation Date Opened Minerals Mined Vale Inco Limited Thompson Mines T1 & T3 Thompson1958Nickel, Copper Vale Inco LimitedBirchtree MineThompson1968Nickel, Copper HudBay Minerals Inc. Trout Lake MineFlin Flon1982Copper, Zinc HudBay Minerals Inc. 777 MineFlin Flon2000Copper, Zinc HudBay Minerals Inc. Chisel NorthSnow Lake1998Copper, Zinc San Gold Corporation Rice Lake Gold Mine Bissett2006Gold San Gold Corporation San Gold #1 Mine Bissett2006Gold Tantalum Mining Corporation of Canada, Ltd. Tanco Mine Lac Du Bonnet 1969 Spodumene, Tantalum, Polucite

7. Methods of Mining Open Pit Mining Underground Mining Strip Mining

8. Open Pit Mining Open pit mining is used to extract minerals that are located near the surface but that may extend deep into the earth

9. The Diavik Diamond Mine The Diavik Diamond Mine is located in the North Slave Region of the Northwest Territories, Canada. This open pit diamond mine produces 8 million carats or 1,600 kg of diamonds every year. The mine is connected by an ice road to Diavik Airport.

10. Underground Mining Underground mining is used to extract ores located deep in the earth.

11. Underground Mines Underground mines, such as the ones in both Thompson and Flin Flon are used when ore bodies are well below the earth’s surface This method has a less visible impact on the environment, but they are a great risk to human health

12. Strip Mining Strip mining is used to extract minerals (such as coal and oil sands), that are located in horizontal layers near the surface

13. Strip Mining The most common method of strip mining in Canada is strip mining the bitumen in the oil sands of Alberta This method leaves an enormous footprint on the earth’s surface

14. Issues Facing Canada’s Mining Industry Use textbook pages 327 – 329. Read each of the seven bullet-pointed issues on these pages and summarize each of them clearly and concisely in your notes. Use a heading for each issue.

15. Issues Facing Canada’s Mining Industry While mines may boost the Canadian economy, they have negative impacts on the environment Also, Canada’s mining industry can be damaged by events in other countries (such as economic slowdown – resulting in a decline in demand)

16. Issues Facing Canada’s Mining Industry Resource Towns: Short life spans Usually directly related to financial gain If the mineral drops in value or becomes too expensive to mine (may be cheaper elsewhere in the world), then mines shut down

17. Issues Facing Canada’s Mining Industry New mineral deposits are constantly being discovered in other countries, particularly in developing countries, and are able to sell their products cheaper than the Canadian market If Canada wants to compete with these markets, they are forced to find ways to reduce production costs (more mechanization, less jobs)