1. WHAT IS CULTURE? Cultural Dimensions Theory for the College Classroom Prepared by: Jennifer Robertson, Valencia College, 2014

2. UNIT OUTCOMES Define culture and terms associated to culture Identify Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Understand different value and belief systems between individualistic and collectivistic cultures Discover how culture can contribute to conflict with a work group or organization Interact in a manner that reflects the cultural sensitivities within a foreign environment

3. AN INTRODUCTION TO CULTURE

4. THE ICEBERG THEORY OF CULTURE

5. DOMINO ACTIVITY – FIND THIS! Put all the vocabulary words next to their corresponding definitions so that you form a circle in the end.

6. CULTURE The set of attitudes, values, beliefs, and behaviors shared by a group of people, but different for each individual, communicated from one generation to the next. Matsumoto, 1996

7. THREE LEVELS OF MENTAL PROGRAMMING Hofstede, 1994

8. CULTURE DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Is it possible to truly understand a culture outside of your own? Why or why not? How can we study the elements of culture “below the surface”? How can we avoid stereotyping? When examining the behaviors and values of a culture, how can we get away from feelings of “right” versus “wrong”?

9. AMERICAN CULTURE Work with a partner to provide one example of the different features of culture on your handout.

10. CULTURAL DIMENSIONS THEORY

11. HOFSTEDE’S CULTURAL DIMENSIONS THEORY The Hofstede Center Power Distance (PDI) Individualism vs. Collectivism (IDV) Masculinity vs. Femininity (MAS) Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) Long Term vs. Short-Term Orientation (LTO) Indulgence vs. Restraint (IVR)

12. HOFSTEDE’S CULTURAL DIMENSIONS THEORY

13. INDIVIDUALISM VS. COLLECTIVISM Watch a short video on individualism and collectivism: http://www.youtube.co m/watch?v=CW7aWKXB 5J4

14. HIGHLY INDIVIDUALISTIC CULTURES People taking care of themselves / immediate family Self-orientation Identity based on individual Guilt culture Making decisions based on individual needs “I” mentality Emphasis on individual initiative and achievement Everyone has a right to a private life

15. HIGHLY COLLECTIVISTIC CULTURES Expect absolute loyalty to group (nuclear family, extended family, caste, organization) Group orientation Decisions based on what is best for the group. Identity based on social system Shame culture Dependence on organization and institutions (Expects organization / institution / group to take care of individual) “We” mentality Emphasis on belonging Private life “invaded” by institution and organizations to which one belongs

16. INDIVIDUALISM VS. COLLECTIVISM Check out the country rankings: http://hbdchick.wordpre ss.com/2013/09/07/natio nal-individualism- collectivism-scores/

17. CROSS-CULTURAL CONFLICT

18. Cross-cultural conflict can be defined as conflict generated, and perhaps exacerbated or perpetuated, by cultural differences among the groups involved in the conflict. A person’s culture informs his or her worldview, moral code, judgments, and ideas or perceptions about others. Of course, these aspects of a culture can be incorrect or misinformed, leading to conflict with other cultures or groups of people. The power of culture is strong, however, and it can be difficult to overcome cross-cultural conflict, as evidenced by the numerous conflicts between different cultural groups that continue to rage around the world today. Kinney, www.ehow.com, What Is Cross-Cultural Conflict?

19. CROSS-CULTURAL CONFLICT ETHNOCENTRIC: The DON’Ts Don’t ignore the differences or deny they exist Don’t evaluate them negatively Don’t minimize their importance Don’t put your own beliefs/values above others ETHNORELATIVE: The DOs Recognize, seek to understand, and accept the differences Adapt to the differences by moving out of your comfort zone Integrate the differences into a new frame of reference Proactively look for the good in other cultures Internalize the best of both cultures

20. BAFA, BAFA CROSS-CULTURAL SIMULATION

21. SUMMING IT UP

22. GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP WHAT IS GLOBAL-MINDEDNESS? A value orientation, or frame of reference, apart from knowledge about, or interest in, international relations. We identify as highly world-minded the individual who favors a world- view of the problems of humanity, whose primary reference group is mankind, rather than American, English, or Chinese.” Sampson and Smith, 1957

23. IN SUMMARY A Declaration of Interdependence