1. Power Point to Making Cards
Breaking Down Glucose
Power Point to Making Cards

2. Anaerobic (no oxygen) Glycolysis
In the cytoplasm
Glucose PGAL pyruvic acid
6-C C C
(Pyruvic acid = pyruvate)

3. Glycolysis
What got this reaction started? 2 ATP molecules gave P to each end of 6-carbon glucose (it splits)

4. Glycolysis Glucose (with phosphates) breaks into two PGAL molecules
PGAL reforms into pyruvic acid (pyruvate)
4 ATP
2 NADH
form
e- carrier

5. Glycolysis Summary 2 ATP for glucose to PGAL to pyruvate 4 ATP formed
2 ATP net
Also 2 NADH (pick up electrons)
How Glycolysis Works (click)
Sing Along

6. Fermentation IN ANIMALS Pyruvic acid lactic acid IN YEAST
Pyruvic acid ethanol + carbon dioxide

7. FERMENTATION WHERE LOCATED? In the cytoplasm ANAEROBIC Without oxygen
HOW MANY ATP?
none

8. FERMENTATION ONE GREAT SIDE-STEP IS TO REGENERATE NADH back to NAD+
(so it can pick up e- again)

9. USES OF FERMENTATION Yogurt Sourdough bread Pickles’ Buttermilk
Sauerkraut
Kimchi
Cheese

10. Lactic Acid Fermentation
Lactic acid builds up faster than the body cells can use it.

11. Glyocolysis to Prepping Pyruvate for the Krebs Cycle2 34 2

12. Pyruvic Acid Can’t Enter Mitochondrion
So it needs “Cut and Groomed”
1.Cut off carbon (as CO2)
Leaves 2-C acetyl group
2. Add Coenzyme A
FORMS Acetyl-CoA

13. Mitochondrion: Site of aerobic respiration (uses oxygen)

14. Getting Ready to go into the Mitochondrion
Acetyl CoA and Kreb Cycle
“Cut” carbon removed
“Groomed”
By Coenzyme A
(2-C)

15. All Set for the Krebs Cycle
We’re now in the mitochondrion.

16. Two Types of Electron Carriers
Empty FAD picks up e- to form FADH2 e-
Empty NAD+ picks up e- to form NADH
ATP Synthesis NAD and FAD e-

17. What is made at the end of the Krebs cycle (aka Citric Acid Cycle)?
e- carriers
Waste gas
Or Krebs Cycle
High energy
CLICK ME:
Krebs Cycle

18. ETC and Chemiosmosis NADH and FADH2 bring their e- to the
ETC (in the inner membrane of the
mitochondrion)
NADH and FADH2 animation

19. H+ ions pumped through ATP synthase
Enough energy for a P to add to ADP to form ATP

20. ATP Synthase Movies ATP Synthase (VCAC)

21. OXYGEN IS THE FINAL ELECTRON ACCEPTOR
Oxygen + H+ forms water
Oxygen: the final electron acceptor

22. Electron Transport Chain
Electron Transport Chain (pretty sweet)
Click here krebstca
Click Here VCAC: Cellular Processes: Electron Transport Chain: First Look (won’t show on VPU, but can see on own computer screen)

23. FINAL PRODUCTS Glycolysis 2 ATP Krebs Cycle ETC and Chemiosmosis
38 ATP from glucose to end of ETC and chemiosmosis
36 ATP from one molecule of glucose