1. HA 1.1 Phase 1
Learning About Etruscan and Greek Cultures

2. Learning About Etruscan and Greek Cultures
HA 1.1 Phase 1
WHC Find examples of how writing art, architecture, mathematics, and science from the Roman Empire have evolved in western civilization over time.
Describe the major physical characteristics of the Roman Empire region (e.g. Italian Peninsula, Strait of Gibraltar, mountain ranges, Islands, etc.)

4. Map of Rome ISN Page 43
Read Pages 263, 264, and 265 in Journey Across Time
You are a cartographer today. On a piece of white paper recreate the map on page 263 without tracing or printing off one.
Color it. Be sure you have included a title, a legend/key, a compass rose, and all the information.
Answer the questions found in Using Geography Skills Page 263 on the back of your map. Put your header on the back of your map.
Turn the map in to Ms. Benson at the end of the hour.
Tomorrow you will tape this to ISN Page 43 journal for future reference.
Neatness, readability, and correctness will count!

5. Using Geography Skills Questions
ISN P43 Map of Italy 500 BCE
Using Geography Skills Questions
In 500 BCE the Etruscans and the Greeks occupied much of Italy.
Which civilization do you think most influenced the Latins who settled Rome? Explain your answer.
How was Rome’s location advantageous for the Latin’s conquest of Italy?

6. Etruria Lived at the top of boot shaped Italy
Bounded by Arno River in north and Tiber River in south
Geography – volcanic, steep gorges, rough cliffs
The Etruscans made their home in this part of Italy from BCE until they were conquered by the Romans in 300 BCE
A lot of Roman culture and knowledge came from the Etruscans.

7. Etruria Outstanding seafarers Strong military Excellent traders
Favorite trading partner was Greece—two cultures influenced each other a lot especially in architecture and sporting events
Etruscans traded wine and olive oil to Greece
Greece traded pottery to Etruria—more Grecian pottery found in Etruscan tombs than in Greece 7

8. Etruria and Latium
Rome first settled by Latins who built on several hills near the Tiber River between 1000 BCE and 800 BCE
Legend of Romulus and Remus
Twin sons of war God Mars
Abandoned by parents at birth
Raised by wolves
Romulus killed Remus during a quarrel and then founded a town on 7 hills along the Tiber river
Romulus became Rome’s first king—beginning a line of Etruscan rulers of Rome
Chose she-wolf as emblem of city
Is the legend true? Who knows.
1.1B She-wolf suckling twin boys Romulus and Remus
Wolf – Etruscan statue dating to 6th century BCE
Twins added by Italian artist in 1509 AD (2,100 years later) 8

9. HA 1.1A Note Cards Activity
You have 4 pages of note cards. Put your name at the top of each page.
You are going to examine 16 slides showing Etruscan and Greek culture.
You must carefully examine the slide and LISTEN to the information that I will provide you in order to finish the drawing on your note card and fill in the blanks on your notes.
You will use your notes later to identify ways in which Roman civilization was influenced by Etruscan and Greek cultures.

10. HA 1.1C Note Cards Etruscan Architecture10

11. HA 1.1D Note Cards Etruscan Engineering11

12. HA 1.1D Note Cards Etruscan Engineering12

13. HA 1.1E Note Cards Etruscan Government13

14. HA 1.1F Note Cards Etruscan Metalworking14

15. HA 1.1G Note Cards Etruscan mysticism15

16. HA 1.1G Note Cards Etruscan mysticism16

17. HA 1.1H Note Cards Etruscan sculpture17

18. HA 1.1I Note Cards Etruscan social organization18

19. HA 1.1J Note Cards Etruscan sporting events19

20. HA 1.1J Note Cards Etruscan sporting events20

21. HA 1.1K Note Cards Greek Coin

22. HA 1.1K Note Cards Greek Coin

23. HA 1.1L Note Cards Greek monumental building

24. HA 1.1L Note Cards Greek monumental building

25. HA 1.1M Note Cards Greek mythology

26. HA 1.1M Note Cards Greek mythology

27. HA 1.1N Note Cards Greek philosophy

28. HA 1.1N Note Cards Greek philosophy

29. HA 1.1O Note Cards Greek pottery

30. HA 1.1O Note Cards Greek pottery

31. HA 1.1P Note Cards Greek science

32. HA 1.1P Note Cards Greek science

33. HA 1.1Q Note Cards Greek theater

34. HA 1.1Q Note Cards Greek theater

35. HA 1.1R Note Cards Greek writing

36. HA 1.1R Note Cards Greek writing

37. HA 1.1S Baths of Caracalla

38. HA 1.1S Baths of Caracalla Etruscan influences Greek influence
Architecture = arches
Engineering = water from cuniculi fill the fountains and baths
Metalworking = helmets
Social organization = interactions men/women, togas
Sculpture = realistic statues
Greek influence
Monumental buildings
Mythology = statues of Gods and Goddesses
Greek images implied
Coinage = payment for entering baths
Writing = accounts of payments

39. HA 1.1T Circus Maximus

40. HA 1.1T Circus Maximus Etruscan influences Etruscan images implied
Architecture = arches
Sporting events = the chariot race
Metalworking = helmets, horse bits and bridles
Social organization = interactions of men and women, togas
Sculpture = realistic statues
Etruscan images implied
Engineering = water for horse and spectators
Government = emperor observing games from his box, wealthy have best seating
Greek influences
Monumental buildings
Mythology = statues of gods/goddesses
Greek images implied
Coinage = entry fee
Writing = accounts of payment scores of races
Pottery = containing food and drink for sale at the circus
HA 1.1T Circus Maximus

41. HA 1.1U Roman Forum

42. HA 1.1U Roman Forum Etruscan Greek Greek implied Arches
Helmets, musical instruments
Senate building, senators
Men/women interacting, togas
Realistic statues
Gutters/sewer system
Greek
Monumental buildings
Statues of gods/goddesses
Greek implied
Writing = laws posted, court orders, senator’s votes

43. HA 1.1V Street Scene in Rome

44. HA 1.1V Street Scene in Rome
Etruscan
Arches,
Water, paved roads
Helmets, horse bits/bridles, pots
Togas
Mysticism, diviners
Greek
Monumental buildings
Mythology
Writing
Coinage
Pottery

45. Etruscan/Greek Influences ISN Page 44
Choose three Roman aspects or items. Use the purple textbook as a source of ideas. Write the aspect down and in a bullet list explain how what Etruscan and Greek influences you can see in the picture.
#1Picture Page and Title
Etruscan – at least 2 things
Greek – at least 2 things
#2 Picture Page and Title
#3 Picture Page and Title

46. Roman Achievements Brainstorm for Etruscan/Greek Influences Poster ISN P46
Grab a book and brainstorm with a neighbor. Record your brainstorm ideas on ISN Page 46. Add to them as we “fly” through the rest of the slides. You’ll have to write fast and think hard to keep up!

47. THE TWELVE TABLES
TABLE I
Procedure: for courts and trials
TABLE II
Trials, continued.
TABLE III
Debt
TABLE IV
Rights of fathers (paterfamilias) over the family
TABLE V
Legal guardianship and inheritance laws
TABLE VI
Acquisition and possession
TABLE VII
Land rights
TABLE VIII
Torts and delicts (Laws of injury)
TABLE IX
Public law
TABLE X
Sacred law
TABLE XI
Supplement I
TABLE XII
Supplement II
Etruscan Government – Based on the rule of the Senate and consuls. Consuls were judges and governors. An extension of the Etruscan way of governing.
Greek Writing – The twelve tables were inscribed on bronze plates using an alphabet derived from Greek and Etruscan influences.
The Twelve Tables was the earliest attempt by the Romans to create a CODE OF LAW; it is also the earliest (surviving) piece of literature coming from the Romans.
A commission of ten men (Decemviri) was appointed (ca B.C.) to draw up a code of law which would be binding on both parties and which the magistrates (the 2 consuls) would have to enforce impartially.

53. Roman Religion
At first, Romans believed in many different gods and goddesses. These gods were like people, but with magical powers. The Roman gods were part of a family. People told stories or myths about them. Each god or goddess looked after different people or things.
The Romans often borrowed new gods from people they conquered. They hoped these new gods would make them stronger. They borrowed gods from Egypt, for example, such as the goddess Isis. Roman soldiers worshipped Mithras, a god from Iran. A soldier going on a journey might ask Mercury (god of travel) for help, as well as Mithras the soldiers' god and he might also make a sacrifice to Neptune (the sea god) if he had to travel by ship!

54. Roman Religion
In the religion of Ancient Rome, a haruspex was a person trained to practice a form of divination called haruspicy; the inspection of the entrails (guts) of sacrificed animals, especially the livers of sacrificed sheep and poultry.
The Latin terms haruspex, are from an archaic word haru "entrails, intestines" (cognate with hernia "protruding viscera", and hira "empty gut"; PIE *ǵʰer-) and from the root spec- "to watch, observe". The Greek ἡπατοσκοπία hēpatoskōpia is from hēpar "liver" and skop- "to examine".
The continuity of the Etruscan tradition among the Romans is indicated by several ancient literary sources, perhaps most famously in the incident related by Suetonius in which a haruspex named Spurinna warned Julius Caesar to beware the Ides of March.

55. Roman Religion
People worshipped the gods in special buildings called temples. Inside the temple was a statue of a god. Priests looked after the temple. People went there to make sacrifices or offerings of food, flowers or money. Sometimes the priest killed an animal, such as a bull, as part of the sacrifice ceremony. Some Emperors said they were gods too, so everyone had to make a sacrifice to the Emperor.
Romans also had gods at home. They believed in household spirits that protected the family. They had miniature temples, or shrines, in their homes. The family would make offerings of food and drink to the household gods, and pray for good luck and protection.

56. Roman Religion
The Romans believed that a person's spirit went to the underworld after the person died. To get there, the dead needed to cross the River Styx. The dead person's family would leave a coin on the dead body, to pay the ferryman, whose name was Charon.
Some of these old beliefs changed when Christianity was made the official religion of the Roman Empire by the Emperor Constantine in the 4th century AD. Before then, Christians got into trouble because they refused to worship the emperor as a god. Some Christians were arrested and put to death.

57. Roman Achievements Brainstorm for Etruscan/Greek Influences poster
Grab a book and lets brainstorm!
Roman Army
Roman builders – roads, water systems,
Roman religion
Roman writing
Roman government
Roman theater
Roman architecture
Roman games and sports
Roman science/philosophy/history
Roman social organization
Roman pottery
Roman coin/money
Roman mythology

58. Etruscan/Greek Contributions to Rome Poster ISN P47
Using a piece of white paper create a COLORFUL poster showing how Romans blended (used) together what they learned from the Etruscans and the Greeks and made it their own. I’m assessing whether you can analyze Roman achievements for Etruscan and Greek influences. Neatness, readability, spelling, grammar, and completeness will also be assessed.
Include
A drawing of the Roman achievement
An explanation of which Etruscan influences the Romans used
An explanation of which Greek influences the Romans used
A synopsis (summary) of how the Romans used those influences and what they did with them in your chosen Roman achievement
Define any vocabulary you think that other students won’t know