3. What are minerals? If the word "mineral" makes you think of rocks, you're right! Minerals are substances like calcium, phosphorus, iron, and zinc that are found in rocks and the soil. They also are needed for optimal nutrition. There are 16 different minerals that are known to be needed in our diets. Several other minerals may be needed in very small amounts.

4. MACRO-MINERALS: more quantity MICRO-MINERALS: LESS QUANTITY TYPES OF MINERALS...

5. MACRO MINERALSMICRO- MINERALS SodiumIron PotassiumZinc ChlorideIodide CalciumSelenium PhosphorusCopper MagnesiumFluoride SulfurChromium Manganese TYPES OF MINERALS...

6. SOURCES OF MINERALS

7. MINERALSSOURCES IRON red meat, raisins, spinach, beans & eggs IODINE iodized salt, seafood, etc. CALCIUM dairy products, egg, green leafy vegetables, etc. PHOSPHORUS cheese, meat, cereal, etc.

8. FUNCTIONS, IMPORTANC E, DEFICIENCY & EXCESS...

9. CALCIUM- MACROMINERAL Important for healthy bones and teeth; helps muscles relax and contract; important in nerve functioning, blood clotting, blood pressure regulation, immune system health Deficiency- weak bones and teeth Excess- renal insufficiency, increased calcium excretion in urine and kidney stones

10. PHOSPHOROUS- MACROMINERAL Important for healthy bones and teeth; found in every cell; part of the system that maintains acid-base balance DEFICIENCY- painful bones and breathlessness Excess- interferes with calcium absorption, leads to removal of calcium from the bones leading to weak bones, increased risk of heart diseases.

11. IRON- MICROMINERAL Part of a molecule hemoglobin found in red blood cells that carries oxygen in the body; needed for energy metabolism Deficiency- Anemia Excess –can cause premature aging, cancer, osteoporosis, arthritis, diabetes, liver damage, heart disease and brain disorders

12. IODINE- MICROMINERAL Found in thyroid hormone, which helps regulate growth, development, and metabolism DEFICIENCY –GOITRE Excess- can lead to burning of the mouth, throat, and stomach; fever; abdominal pain; nausea; vomiting; diarrhea; weak pulse; and coma

13. FACTORS 1.Age 2.Occupation 3.Season 4.Likes/Dislikes 5.Gender 6.Economic condition of the family

14. NUTRITIVE VALUE The maximum amount of iron you should consume is 45 mg. Consuming more than 2,500 mg of calcium per day might lead to kidney dysfunction, kidney stones and problems with soft tissues. Toxicity of zinc occurs when you have more than 40 mg per day.

15. NUTRITIVE VALUE The table below shows the nutritive values of all the minerals-

16. Effects on cooking Heating does not affect mineral levels. Though minerals are not lost due to heat, but are usually removed if cooked in boiling water, Steaming is probably the best cooking method with respect to mineral loss.

17. QUESTION BANK!

18. QUESTIONS… Q1. What are minerals? ANS: Minerals are substances like calcium & iron that are found in rocks and the soil. They are needed for optimal nutrition. Plants take in minerals with water. When these plants are eaten by animals, minerals are transferred too. We need these minerals in our diet, as they are very important.

19. QUESTIONS… Q2. What are the 2 types of minerals? Give 2 e.g. for each. Ans: The 2 types of minerals are: micro minerals and macro minerals. E.g. of micro mineral are; iron & iodine and that of macro minerals are; potassium & calcium.

20. QUESTIONS… Q3. Match the following: MINERALSSOURCES IRON iodized salt, seafood, etc. IODINE red meat, raisins, spinach, beans & eggs CALCIUM cheese, meat, cereal, etc. PHOSPHORUS dairy products, egg, green leafy vegetables, etc.

21. QUESTIONS… Q4. Explain any 2 deficiency diseases due to minerals. Ans: the 2 deficiency diseases are: Anemia: less amount of iron present and Goitre: less amount of iodine present.

22. Q5. Find out 4 deficiency diseases. IONDOIZVBNIOF FMRHIIJKIKLIA ABWEAKBONE IROMAGNNEHEUX GOITREMHFIN ZXDBNKIMKLINO LPHIAVXZINT PAINFULBONE

23. QUESTIONS… Q6. ________is probably the best cooking method with respect to mineral loss. ANS: STEAMING Q7. Red meat, raisins, spinach, beans & eggs are examples of ________. ANS: IRON Q8. Calcium and _______ are e.g. of macro mineral. ANS: PHOSPHORUS Q9. The 2 factors of minerals are______ & ________. ANS: AGE, SEASON

24. DONE BY: MANMITHA, MANSI & NIRALI...