1. Islam Objectives: Describe the basics of Islam
Develop an understanding of where Islam emerged from and when.
Compare Islam vs. Christianity

3. What do Muslims believe? How does someone become a Muslim?
What is Islam?
Who are the Muslims?
What do Muslims believe?
How does someone become a Muslim?
What does 'Islam' mean?
Why does Islam often seem strange?
Do Islam and Christianity have different origins?
What is the Ka'ba?
Who is Muhammad?
How did he become a prophet and a messenger of God?
How did the spread of Islam affect the world?
What is the Quran?
What is the Quran about?
Are there any other sacred sources?
What are the 'Five Pillars' of Islam?
Does Islam tolerate other beliefs?
What do Muslims think about Jesus?
Why is the family so important to Muslims?
What about Muslim women?
Can a Muslim have more than one wife?
Is an Islamic marriage like a Christian marriage?
How do Muslims treat the elderly?
How do Muslims view death?
What does Islam say about war?
What about food?
What is Islam's presence in the United States?
How does Islam guarantee human rights?
What is the makeup of The Muslim World?

4. Key Terms of Islam
Islam
Muslim
Quran/Q’ran/Koran
Mosque
5 Pillars of Islam
Allah
Muhammad
Mecca/Makkah
Medina
Caliph
Fundamentalist
Sunni
Shiite
Jihad
Sharia
Fatwa

5. Name____________________________
Islam Essay
Islam is both religion and a way of life. Over the past 1500 years, this religion has dramatically impacted the people, the culture and the region of the Middle East.
Tasks:
-Explain the origins and main beliefs/practices of the Islamic faith.
-Describe how the practices of Islam impact daily life for its followers.
-Compare similarities and differences of Islam to Judaism and Christianity.

7. 5 Pillars of Islam
Faith/Shahadda: This is a prayer where one professes their commitment to Allah. There is one God, Allah is his name, Muhammad is his messenger.
Prayer/Salat: Each day, each Muslim must pray 5 times a day to the east (or Makkah).
Alms to the Poor/Zakat: Each year one must give 2 ½ % of their capital to the poor.
Fasting during Ramadan. During the holy month, each Muslim must fast from sun up to sun down. Abstinence from food and drink. (Saum)
Pilgrimage to Makkah/Hajj: Each Muslim that is financially and physically able must visit the holy city of Makkah. They must dress in plain cloths and visit the holy Kabba.

9. Major Branches of Islam
Number of Adherents
Sunni
940,000,000
Shiite
120,000,000
Ahmadiyya
10,000,000
Druze
450,000

10. Where did this religion come from?
Islam, the youngest religion emerged from the Arab world. At this point in time in Arabia, people were either Hindu, Christian, and some Polytheists.
In 608 AD, Muhammad was on a retreat or meditating and had his first revelation of God, through the Angel Gabriel. (Arabian Peninsula)
In 622, the hijra/hegira or migration took place. Those that followed Muhammad were persecuted, so they left for Medina. He did return and Islam was accepted more widely- this via war/conflict.

11. Common terms to know:
Koran/Quran: Holy book. Many believe that Islam is both a religion and a lifestyle, therefore the words of the Quran are interpreted verbatim.
114 Chapters in rhyming prose
The writing is in elaborate calligraphy
Mosque: Church
Caliph: Priest/leader

12. Discussion Questions
1.The Arab world observes many traditions. To what extent are these traditions from before the time of Mohammed? To what extent are the traditions a result of the influence of Islam? Why do you suppose that Muslim traditions are observed more strictly in some parts of the Arab world than other parts?
2. In Saudi Arabia, boys and girls attend separate schools. Males teachers cannot teach female students except by close circuit television. Why do they use this system? What are the advantages/disadvantages of this? How might this impact the educational process?
3.Do you agree with the Muslim belief that people should passively accept their lot in life? What people you know accept this idea?

13. What do Muslims believe about Allah?
1. He is the one God, Who has no partner. 2. Nothing is like Him. He is the Creator, not created, nor a part of His creation. 3. He is All-Powerful, absolutely Just. 4. There is no other entity in the entire universe worthy of worship besides Him. 5. He is First, Last, and Everlasting; He was when nothing was, and will be when nothing else remains. 6. He is the All-Knowing, and All-Merciful,the Supreme, the Sovereign. 7. It is only He Who is capable of granting life to anything. 8. He sent His Messengers (peace be upon them) to guide all of mankind. 9. He sent Muhammad (pbuh) as the last Prophet and Messenger for all mankind. 10. His book is the Holy Qur'an, the only authentic revealed book in the world that has been kept without change. 11. Allah knows what is in our hearts.

14. Muslims believe that God is One, indivisible, and they believe in all the prophets of the Christians and Jews including Adam, Noah, Abraham, Ishmael, Isaac, Jacob, Joseph, Job, Moses, Aaron, David, Solomon, Elias, Jonah, John the Baptist, and Jesus (peace be upon them).
Muslims trace their lineage back through the Hebrew Scriptures to Ishmael, the son of Abraham and Hagar, Abraham's second wife. Later, as the story goes, Abraham's first wife Sarah conceived a son, whose name became Isaac. Isaac was the chosen one, while Ishmael and his mother were banished to the South and began their lives anew close to what is now the city of Mecca. Hundreds of years later, a child called Mohammed was born in the desert; he was a descendant of the Hebrew Ishmael

16. Intoxication is forbidden.
Islam
Christianity
Faith without works is useless (it is not enough to simply say "I believe).
God severely punishes the worship of any deity other than God Himself as well as disrespect toward Him.
God severely punishes the worship of any deity other than God Himself, as well as disrespect toward Him.
Humans have rights (hence the prohibitions on murder, theft, lying, violence).
Parents have special rights (to be honoured), as do spouses (hence adultery is forbidden).
Fornication and lewd behaviour are forbidden.
Transgressions similar to the Christian "seven deadly sins" (avarice, pride, greed, gluttony; envy, lust, sloth) are all spiritual illnesses.
Transgressions similar to the Catholic "seven deadly sins" (avarice, pride, greed, gluttony; envy, lust, sloth) are all spiritual illnesses..
Society's laws must be obeyed.
Intoxication is forbidden.
Suicide is forbidden.

17. The 2 Main Sects Sunni vs. Shiite (Shia)
Sunnis believe that the caliphate or priest must be elected upon.
Shiites believe that the caliphate must be related to Ali. (actually decedents of Mohammed..but Mohammed not have a son.)
90% of all Muslims are Sunni
Shiites make up 10% of the Muslim population.
Some of these Shiites are Fundamentalists
Fundamentalists are radicals who have misinterpreted the Koran or perverted it’s teachings.

18. Compare Islam to Christianity Create a Venn Diagram that deals with the similarities and differences of Islam and Christianity

19. Yellow is under Mohammed

20. Essential Questions of Islam (green book pp.231-239)
What are the basic beliefs of Islam
Why did Islam spread so rapidly throughout the Arab world?
Why did the Islamic world prosper in the Middle Ages?
How did Muslims treat non-Muslims within the Islamic Empire?
Explain the impact of the Muslim Empire on Western Europe
Who are some important people of the Muslim Empire(s)
What were Muslim contributions to:
Science
Mathematics
Art
Literature
Culture

23. Islamic Art
                                                                       

34. Islamic Contributions
Art
Architecture
Literature
Science Mathematics
The main idea: The Muslims preserved the ideas of the Greeks and Romans. During the Crusades Christian knights brought back these ideas to Europe.

35. Art Work Most of the art work is based on geometrical designs
No religious symbols: floral shapes/patterns
Calligraphy is the basis of Arabic writing
Arabic script is sometimes on buildings as art work.
                 
                      \

36. Architecture Arches and Domes: These ideas from the Byzantine Empire
Large courtyards
Fountains

37.                                                                                       
Inside the Dome is an outcropping of the bedrock of Mount Moriah, the "Sacred Rock." On the rock's pock-marked surface is one indentation which is believed to be the footprint left by Mohammed as he leapt into heaven.

39. Literature The Quran is the basis for many pieces of literature
Poetry: prior to Muhammad there was a rich tradition of oral history.
Tales and stories of life, romanticism
The Thousand and One Nights

40. Mathematics/Astronomy
Muslims studies Greek and Indian Math
Algebra (al-Khwarizmi)
Studied eclipses, earth’s rotation
Astrolabe
Navigation using stars
Frame/math.htm - Operations_impact

41. The system of numeration employed throughout the greater part of the world today was probably developed in India, but because it was the Arabs who transmitted this system to the West the numerals it uses have come to be called Arabic.
After extending Islam throughout the Middle East, the Arabs began to assimilate the cultures of the peoples they had subdued. One of the great centers of learning was Baghdad, where Arab, Greek, Persian, Jewish, and other scholars pooled their cultural heritages and where in 771 an Indian scholar appeared, bringing with him a treatise on astronomy using the Indian numerical system.
ARABIC NUMERALS:
     Photo: From top - Modern Arabic (western); Early Arabic (western); Arabic Letters (used as numerals); Modern Arabic (eastern); Early Arabic (eastern); Early Devanagari (Indian); Later Devanagari

42. Al-Biruni's world map, showing the distribution of land and sea, 1029 CE

43. Muslim Medicine Once again, built on Greeks and Indian ideas
Governments set up hospitals
Interest in smallpox and the measles (think around 800’s )
Treatment of cataracts
Medicines/pharmacology

44. translate writings of Greek philosophers
Golden Age of Muslim Civilization
Art   
beautiful writing and patterns to decorate buildings and art
adapt Byzantine domes and arches
paint people and animals in nonreligious art
Literature
consider Quran most important piece of Arabic literature
chant oral poetry
collect stories from other people
Learning
translate writings of Greek philosophers
develop algebra
astronomy
Medicine
require doctors to pass tests
set up hospitals with emergency rooms
study diseases and write medical books

45. Golden Age of the Muslim World
The main idea of the Muslim Golden Age was that the Muslims maintained the works of the Greeks and Romans (two classical civilizations) when Europe was in decline and decay (600 AD-1100)
As the dark ages cast a shadow on Europe the Muslim world flourished in art, literature, science, trade and medicine.
It was the Crusades in 1090 AD that altered the dark ages when Christian knights brought back the ideas of the Muslim world to Europe.

46. DBQ OUTLINE Read and complete the DBQ questions
Disregard the intro and the conclusion!
Create 3 body paragraphs (outline)
Topic Sentence:
Example
Document(s)
Outside information