1. What are the three steps in PCR?

2. Denaturation Hybridization of Primer DNA replication

3. What is the enzyme used for PCR?

4. DNA Polymerase from a hyperthermophile This is why the enzyme is not destroyed at 94 degrees Celsius

5. What are introns?

6. Introns are non-coding sequences found in structural genes in eukaryotes They are removed during splicing

7. What is reverse transcriptase?

8. It is an enzyme that copies RNA into DNA It is produced by certain viruses

9. What are restriction enzymes?

10. They are enzymes that cut DNA at specific base sequences They are produced by bacteria Many of them cut the DNA so that they produce “sticky ends” or single stranded ends

11. What are vectors used in making recombinant DNA?

12. Vectors are self replicating pieces of DNA They are used to get DNA into cells Two commonly used vectors are plasmids and bacteriophage

13. What are three techniques used to get recombinant DNA into cells?

14. Transformation Electroporation Microinjection (for eukaryotic cells)

15. What does RFLP stand for?

16. Restriction fragment length polymorphism It is often used in DNA fingerprinting It requires gel electrophoresis which separates DNA by size